John Martin, the founder of Black Sparrow Press, who was responsible for launching Bukowski's career, has explained that "he is not a mainstream author and he will never have a mainstream public." This is an odd thing to say about a poet who has sold millions of books and has been translated into more than a dozen languages--a commercial success of a kind hardly known in American poetry since the pre-modernist days of popular balladeers like Edgar A. Guest. Yet the sense of not being part of the mainstream, at least as the Norton anthology and most other authorities define it, is integral to Bukowski's appeal. He is one of those writers whom each new reader discovers with a transgressive thrill.