Technical Writing: A Complete Guide to the Career, Salary & How to Get Started

What Is Technical Writing?

Technical writing is the practice of creating clear, concise documentation that explains complex information to a specific audience. Technical writers produce user manuals, API documentation, how-to guides, white papers, and instructional content for software, hardware, medical devices, and other technical products. Unlike creative writing, technical writing prioritizes clarity, accuracy, and usability over style. For examples of technical writing, think user manuals, API documentation, software guides, knowledge base articles, and standard operating procedures (SOPs).

What Does a Technical Writer Do?

Technical writers translate complex technical concepts into user-friendly content. Daily responsibilities include: interviewing subject matter experts (SMEs), researching products and technologies, writing and editing documentation, creating diagrams and visual aids, managing content in CMS platforms, collaborating with engineering and product teams, and maintaining style guides. Most technical writers work in software/tech (45%), manufacturing (15%), healthcare (12%), and finance (10%).

Essential Technical Writing Skills

Beyond writing ability, successful technical writers need a specific skill set that combines communication, research, and technical literacy. Here’s what employers look for:

• Research skills — You’ll interview SMEs and synthesize complex information from multiple sources
• Tool proficiency — Familiarity with documentation tools like MadCap Flare, Confluence, or Markdown
• Audience awareness — Translating jargon for different reader levels, from beginners to advanced users
• Project management — Juggling multiple deadlines and stakeholders simultaneously
• Basic tech literacy — You don’t need to code, but understanding APIs, software, and systems helps
• Attention to detail — Technical accuracy is non-negotiable in this field
• Adaptability — Tools and technologies change constantly; you need to keep learning

Technical Writer Salary

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median technical writer salary is $91,670 per year ($44/hour). Entry-level positions start around $50,000–$60,000, while senior technical writers and documentation managers can earn $100,000–$130,000+. Freelance technical writers typically charge $50–$100/hour depending on specialization. The highest-paying industries are software development, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.

Freelance Technical Writing

Freelance technical writing offers flexibility, higher hourly rates, and the ability to choose your projects. Freelance technical writers typically earn $50–$150/hour depending on specialization and industry. The demand is high because companies often need documentation for specific projects—product launches, software updates, compliance requirements—without hiring full-time staff.

I’ve built my entire career as a freelance technical writer, working with 100+ companies over 15 years. The key to freelance success is building a niche (mine is B2B software and SaaS), developing a strong portfolio, and maintaining relationships with clients who provide repeat work. Many freelancers start with platforms like Mediabistro, Upwork, or Contently, then transition to direct client relationships.

How I Broke Into Technical Writing With No Experience

Before I delved into how to start technical writing, I thought the field was about drawing up instruction manuals or legal documents. Maybe at a higher level, some of these people got to write NASA reports or top-secret government stuff. Still, for someone like me, the options for finding a technical writer job were probably limited to explaining how to assemble a cabinet or work a coffee machine.

Despite what I thought was a complete lack of technical knowledge, I landed a contract job writing eLearning course material that teaches sales representatives how to sell software. Weird, right? The gist was this: I would read through a bunch of source documents, try to make sense of the information, and structure it into four lessons based on an outline provided to me.

But let me go back. When applying for the job, I was asked to complete a “writing assessment” that all contractors must take to determine their skill level. I almost gave up before even starting. When I read the instructions, I didn’t understand half the words on the screen, let alone what I was supposed to do with them.

So I just did my own thing; I wrote a marketing blurb about the company, based on its website content and whatever else I could find online. I hoped to show them I could at least research and put words into grammatically acceptable sentences.

I guess it was good enough. A few days later, I was given a technical writing assignment that would pay more than I’d earned in the last six months.

Then I saw a job posting saying the company was looking for a full-time writer. I jumped at the opportunity—and got the job. That first project was challenging. I cleared my schedule and locked myself in my office for an entire weekend. When I finally finished it, I got paid promptly. I was asked to do another project that made my first project feel like “How to Zip Up Your Fly: A Post-Urination Guide.”

But the more I familiarized myself with the industry jargon, the more this type of writing started to feel natural. Although I still have plenty to learn, I’m now twice as fast at completing an assignment as I was when I started. New projects became open to me: editing a PowerPoint slide, writing catchy marketing copy, and performing quality assurance on a completed course.

Here are some of the things I’ve learned about being a technical writer:

Is Technical Writing a Good Career?

We’ve been hearing talk about the changing face of journalism, but technical writing isn’t going anywhere. Companies will always rely on the written word to communicate, teach, and sell.

Although my ability to extract critical business issues from an SME transcript may be less romantic than, say, my novel about low-income, spirited lesbian waitresses struggling with addiction (that’s a real—unpublished—thing I wrote), the former pays the bills, promises growth, and affords me new joys in life.

Do You Need a Tech Background?

I’m not Steve Jobs; I’m just a person who pays close attention to what she reads and asks a lot of questions. I still don’t 100 percent understand the difference between a switch and a router, but I’m not ashamed to ask a colleague. And there’s a hidden benefit to ignorance: If, by the end of my writing, I can understand something complex, I am fairly certain my audience will understand it too.

What’s the Day-to-Day Work Like?

Although there are creative aspects to technical writing, most of the writing I do is black-and-white. “In this lesson, we’ll cover a, b, and c,” or “When selling to this type of person, discuss a, b, and c.”

It’s nice to have clear expectations and a process to follow rather than feel like every day is a desperate attempt to flag down the muse. Plus, it leaves some breathing room in my creative well at the end of the day for the types of writing and art that bring me true joy.

What I Actually Earn as a Technical Writer

The tech-writing industry pays approximately $50 an hour, with salaried writers typically making approximately $70,000-$95,000 a year. For contractors, pay may be project-based rather than hourly, and for me, it has ranged from $400 to $2,500 per project.

Do I think it’s fair that technical writers get paid more than journalists and novelists? No. I don’t think technical or sales writing is intrinsically “worth” more than beautiful prose. But I won’t deny that the income eases a ton of the stressors from my past life (especially as the sole income earner in my family, with a toddler and a husband who just went back to school).

Money may not be a motivating factor for all writers, but for those who, like me, have a degree but few professional skills beyond writing, it’s reassuring to know my words are worth more than a handful of peanuts.

How to Become a Technical Writer (Step-by-Step)

Basically, technical writing all day, every day, isn’t the facepalm-migraine it sounds like, and that’s why I recommend it to anyone who wants to write for a living. My suggestion is to dip your toes in. Search for jobs that are a little bit out of your comfort zone. Google technical writing jobs or sales writing jobs.

The company I work for is a sales consulting company. Still, most corporations have in-house writers and contractors who provide content for training, presentations, and other corporate materials. Also, mine your social media. I initially found this job through a status update of a friend of a friend. And then do your best. You may find that you’re way more capable than you initially thought. You just have to trust yourself to be great.

So if you’re exploring how to start technical writing, don’t hesitate to take the plunge. Search for jobs that push your boundaries, and don’t be afraid to leverage your social media connections. You’re more capable than you think, and all it takes is the courage to begin.

Breaking In Without Experience

If you’re an entry-level technical writer or trying to break in with no experience, here’s how most people get started:

• Create sample documentation — Write documentation for open-source projects on GitHub, or document a product you use regularly
• Document at your current job — Volunteer to write SOPs, training materials, or process guides for your team
• Build a portfolio — You only need 2-3 strong samples to start applying for jobs
• Earn a certificate — Google’s Technical Writing courses are free; the Society for Technical Communication (STC) offers recognized certifications
• Start with contract work — Entry-level contract positions are often more accessible than full-time roles

Growing Your Technical Writing Career

So what’s next after you’ve dipped your toes into technical writing? Take it from me: don’t stop at just being good enough. The field constantly evolves, and you must keep up if you want to stay competitive. That means continually educating yourself. Attend webinars, take specialized courses, or pursue a technical writing certification. Trust me, investing in yourself never goes out of style.

Let’s Talk About Networking

I used to roll my eyes at the term, but hey, it works. LinkedIn is a goldmine for this. Connect with other technical writers, join industry-specific groups, and don’t be shy to slide into someone’s DMs (professionally, of course). A simple message can go a long way. After all, I landed one of my first major contracts by just asking, “Hey, are you guys looking for a writer?” Turns out, they were.

Get Used to Deadlines

And then there’s the ever-so-daunting work-life balance. I won’t sugarcoat it; deadlines can be harsh. But guess what? Good time management can make you feel like a wizard. Block out your time for specific tasks and stick to it. You’ll find that not only do you get more done, but you also won’t feel like you’re constantly racing against the clock.

What about tackling more complex projects? Initially, writing about topics like blockchain or artificial intelligence can be intimidating. But don’t let the jargon scare you away. You’ve got the research skills; use them. The more you understand the topic, the easier it becomes to write about it. And the more complex the topic, the higher the pay. It’s a win-win.

Don’t overlook the power of feedback. Constructive criticism is your friend, not your enemy. After completing a project, ask for feedback and take it gracefully. If you keep your ego at the door, you’ll find these insights to be the quickest route to improving your craft.

Lastly, if you’re still pondering how to start technical writing, remember it’s never too late. I’ve met people who transitioned into this field in their 40s and 50s. So age, background, or experience shouldn’t be roadblocks. If you have a knack for writing and a willingness to learn, you’re already ahead of the game.

Amanda Layman is a B2B technical writer and content strategist with over 15 years of experience in the tech industry. She has written for Fortune 500 companies, including VMware and Dell, and has helped 100+ software and SaaS companies with technical content, eLearning development, and sales enablement materials. Amanda is the author of The New Freelance: A Book for Writers and founder of Tigris, a tech content agency. She holds a Bachelor’s degree in Writing from Drury University. Connect with her on LinkedIn.

Discover new technical writing jobs and gigs on Mediabistro’s media job board.

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FAQs on Technical Writing Careers

What is technical writing?

Technical writing is the practice of creating clear, concise documentation that explains complex information to a specific audience. Technical writers produce user manuals, API documentation, how-to guides, white papers, and instructional content for software, hardware, medical devices, and other technical products. Unlike creative writing, technical writing prioritizes clarity, accuracy, and usability over style.

What degree do you need to be a technical writer?

No specific degree is required to become a technical writer. While many technical writers hold degrees in English, Communications, Journalism, or Computer Science, employers primarily value strong writing skills, the ability to learn technical subjects quickly, and a solid portfolio. Many successful technical writers come from unrelated fields like teaching, engineering, or creative writing.

Can I become a technical writer without experience?

Yes. Many technical writers enter the field with no prior experience by building a portfolio of sample work, volunteering to document open-source projects, or starting with entry-level contract positions. The key is demonstrating strong writing ability and a willingness to learn technical subjects.

Can you be a technical writer without a tech background?

Absolutely. I came from a creative writing background with zero tech experience. Many successful technical writers have degrees in English, journalism, or communications. What matters is your ability to learn quickly, ask good questions, and explain complex topics clearly. Your “outsider” perspective can actually be an advantage—if you can understand it, so can your readers.

What is the difference between technical writing and content writing?

Technical writing focuses on explaining how things work—it’s instructional, precise, and designed to help users accomplish specific tasks (like using software or assembling a product). Content writing is typically marketing-focused, designed to engage, inform, or persuade an audience (like blog posts or website copy). Technical writing prioritizes clarity and accuracy; content writing often prioritizes engagement and SEO.

What tools do technical writers use?

Common technical writing tools include documentation platforms (MadCap Flare, Adobe FrameMaker, Confluence, Notion), version control systems (Git, GitHub), markup languages (Markdown, DITA, XML), screen capture tools (Snagit, Camtasia), and diagramming software (Lucidchart, Visio). Many companies also use content management systems like Paligo or Document360. Most tools can be learned on the job—don’t let unfamiliar software stop you from applying.

What skills are essential for someone starting in technical writing?

Technical writing demands the ability to simplify complex information, strong research skills, attention to detail, and proficiency in grammar and style. While not initially required, familiarity with the subject matter is beneficial as you grow in your role. The ability to understand and convey technical concepts to various audiences is crucial.

How can I improve my chances of landing a technical writing job without prior experience?

Start by honing your writing skills and familiarizing yourself with technical writing principles through online courses or workshops. Create a portfolio showcasing your writing ability, even if it’s not directly related to technical writing—volunteer for technical writing projects, like creating documentation for open-source software, to gain experience. Networking, especially on platforms like LinkedIn, and leveraging your social media connections, can also open doors to opportunities.

Do technical writers need certifications?

Certifications aren’t required, but they can help entry-level writers stand out. Google’s Technical Writing courses are free and well-regarded. Programs from the Society for Technical Communication (STC) carry industry recognition and can demonstrate your commitment to the profession. Certifications are particularly helpful if you’re transitioning from another field or lack a related degree.

Is technical writing a remote job?

Yes—technical writing is one of the most remote-friendly careers. Most of my work over the past 15 years has been fully remote, and most technical writing job postings now offer remote or hybrid options. The nature of the work (writing, researching, collaborating via digital tools) translates well to remote environments.

What types of industries hire technical writers?

Technical writers are in demand across various industries, including software and technology, healthcare, engineering, finance, and government. Their skills can benefit any industry that relies on complex products, services, or processes.

How do I find technical writing jobs?

Beyond traditional job boards, consider looking at industry-specific forums, social media networks, and professional networking sites like LinkedIn. Websites dedicated to freelance and contract work, such as Mediabistro, can also be valuable resources. Don’t underestimate the power of networking; sometimes, a simple message or connection can lead to an opportunity.

What is the expected salary for a technical writer?

Technical writer salaries vary widely based on experience, location, industry, and whether you work as a contractor or a full-time employee. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median salary for technical writers is $91,670 per year. Entry-level technical writers typically earn $50,000–$70,000, while senior writers and managers can earn $100,000–$130,000+. Freelance rates range from $50–$100/hour depending on specialization and industry.

How can I stay competitive in the technical writing field?

Continual learning is key. Stay abreast of industry trends, new technologies, and advancements in technical communication. Participate in webinars, take specialized courses, and consider pursuing advanced certifications. Engaging with professional communities and networks can also provide insights and opportunities for professional development.

Can I transition from another career to technical writing?

Absolutely. Many technical writers come from varied backgrounds, including journalism, teaching, and even fields unrelated to writing. What’s important is your ability to learn and convey technical content effectively. When applying for roles, highlight transferable skills such as writing, research, project management, and subject matter expertise.

How important is networking for aspiring technical writers?

Networking is crucial. It can lead to freelance opportunities, full-time positions, and valuable mentorships. Engage with other writers and professionals in your target industry through social media, professional associations, and conferences. A proactive approach to networking can significantly enhance your visibility and chances of success in the field.