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Career Transition

Your First 90 Days in Journalism: An Insider’s Guide to Navigating the Newsroom

journalism career
By Mediabistro Education
3 min read • Originally published October 24, 2023 / Updated March 19, 2026
By Mediabistro Education
3 min read • Originally published October 24, 2023 / Updated March 19, 2026

So you’ve unpacked your bags, set up your desk, and brewed that first cup of newsroom coffee. Welcome to the bustling, chaotic, and downright enthralling world of journalism. You’re probably a mix of excitement, nervousness, and curiosity, like a cub reporter on the hunt for their first big scoop. So, let’s help you navigate the maze that is your first three months in a journalism career.

Month 1: Settle In but Don’t Settle Down

Your first month in a journalist role is all about orientation, but let’s not kid ourselves; this isn’t summer camp. Expect to get your first assignments quickly, sometimes within days or even hours. Use this time wisely:

  • Know Your Team: Take time to meet editors, senior reporters, and even the tech guys who can save you when your computer crashes.
  • Learn the Tools: Familiarize yourself with the Content Management System (CMS), social media protocols, and any news-gathering software your outlet uses.
  • Digest the Style Guide: Every publication has its idiosyncrasies in how they like their stories told. Learn them.
  • File Your First Story: Don’t aim for a Pulitzer. Your first stories will likely be small pieces to test the waters. Focus on accuracy and clarity.

Month 2: Flex Those Reporting Muscles

Alright, you’ve dipped your toes; now let’s dive in. The second month is about upping the ante.

  • Pitch Stories: By now, you should have a feel for what kind of stories resonate with your audience and editors. Start pitching.
  • Expand Your Network: Continue to meet more people both inside and outside your newsroom. You never know who might give you your next big story.
  • Experiment with Formats: If your newsroom allows it, try your hand at different types of stories: feature pieces, interviews, and maybe even some multimedia content.
  • Feedback Loop: Make it a habit to seek feedback from your editors and even your peers. It’s the fastest way to grow.

Month 3: Find Your Groove

You’re no longer the ‘new kid’—well, at least not the newest. Month three is about refining your process and starting to specialize:

  • Own Your Beat: Whether it’s politics, culture, or technology, start to focus more on the areas that interest you. Become the go-to person for that subject in your newsroom.
  • File Faster: You should be comfortable enough to produce stories more quickly without sacrificing quality. Deadlines are the bread and butter of this industry.
  • Explore Side Projects: Got an idea for a podcast or a video series? Pitch it. Newsrooms love initiative.
  • Self-Review: Look back at your articles from the first and second months. Notice the improvements and understand where you need to focus more.

Quickfire Tips for Your First 90 Days:

  • Stay Curious: Always be on the hunt for stories, even when you’re off the clock.
  • Verify, Verify, Verify: Never sacrifice accuracy for speed. A retraction can set you back far more than a missed deadline.
  • Respect Off-the-Record: If someone says it’s off the record, it stays off the record. Period.
  • Listen More Than You Speak: The best stories often come when you let other people do the talking.
  • Stay Humble: You’re going to make mistakes. Own them, learn from them, and move on.

Congratulations! You’ve made it through the initiation of your first three months in journalism. From here on out, the stories are more significant, the deadlines tighter, and the coffee probably just as terrible. But hey, you’re in it for the bylines, not the brews, right? Welcome to the tribe.

Topics:

Career Transition
Careers & Education

Private Colleges With the Best Return on Investment for Your Career

Private Colleges With the Best Return on Investment for Your Career
By Meagan Drillinger
6 min read • Originally published November 13, 2023 / Updated March 19, 2026
By Meagan Drillinger
6 min read • Originally published November 13, 2023 / Updated March 19, 2026

A building at Yale University.

Winston Tan // Shutterstock

Private colleges with the best return on investment

For high school graduates, choosing the right college can be one of the most important decisions in their lives. The college experience can be a key step to figuring out who they are as adults and what they will do with the rest of their lives, but it can also be a daunting decision.

Enrolling in a private college is a financial investment, as well as an emotional one. American private colleges can be among the most expensive higher learning institutions in the world. However, according to a 2025 analysis from CollegeBoard, private school tuition costs are increasing more slowly than their public counterparts, up by just 4% over the past decade. In fact, public universities may soon see an even steeper jump in tuition, as President Donald Trump’s 2025 spending bill (aka the “Big, Beautiful Bill”) is expected to both increase tuition costs at public universities and cut back on federal student loan programs. 

Even so, these prices are nothing to sneeze at. Per U.S. News & World Report, the average total for tuition and fees at private universities in the 2024-2025 school year exceeds $43,000. But many universities are much more expensive. Harvey Mudd College, for example, costs more than $93,000, according to the college’s own website. With nationwide student debt swelling past $1.84 trillion as of December 2025, making such a large investment in education and the future can be a reach for many students, so it’s important to make sure they’re getting their money’s worth.

Stacker compiled a list of the private colleges with the best return on investment using a study from Georgetown University’s Center on Education and the Workforce. Nonprofit private colleges that primarily issue bachelor’s degrees were considered. Colleges are ranked by the highest 40-year return on investment, as measured by the net present value of costs plus projected earnings 40 years after enrollment.

A college’s ROI factors in tuition and living expenses, student fees, food, and transportation, among other things. These elements are matched up against prospective careers, salary expectations, and potential earnings.

Here’s a breakdown of some of the key factors that went into the researchers’ calculations.

– 40-year NPV: What the sum of all earnings 40 years after enrollment is worth today, adjusted for the cost of education at the school.
– Median earnings after 10 years: Typical annual salary 10 years after enrollment.
– Net price: The average price students pay per year after scholarships and financial aid, including books and living expenses.
– Graduation rate: Share of students who complete bachelor’s degrees within six years.
– Median debt: The typical amount of student debt graduates from this school hold.

Whether you’re considering any of the private colleges on this list or you graduated from college many decades ago, keep reading to discover the private colleges in America with the best return on investment.

f.t.Photographer // Shutterstock

#50. Illinois Institute of Technology

– 40-year NPV: $1,654,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $77,682
– Net-price: $22,831
– Graduation rate: 71.0%
– Median debt: $19,428

View of the college campus of George Washington University.

EQRoy // Shutterstock

#49. George Washington University

– 40-year NPV: $1,661,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $80,606
– Net-price: $33,719
– Graduation rate: 82.0%
– Median debt: $19,500

Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, Florida.

JHVEPhoto // Shutterstock

#48. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University-Worldwide

– 40-year NPV: $1,666,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $77,768
– Net-price: $20,333
– Graduation rate: 23.0%
– Median debt: $14,000

A frontal view of the Northeastern University campus.

Ritu Manoj Jethani // Shutterstock

#47. Northeastern University

– 40-year NPV: $1,668,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $79,786
– Net-price: $31,093
– Graduation rate: 89.0%
– Median debt: $22,500

Rice University Lovett Hall in the afternoon.

cheng // Shutterstock

#46. Rice University

– 40-year NPV: $1,686,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $77,683
– Net-price: $16,999
– Graduation rate: 94.0%
– Median debt: $10,500

An arched entryway to the Northwestern University campus.

EQRoy // Shutterstock

#45. Northwestern University

– 40-year NPV: $1,703,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $80,033
– Net-price: $24,664
– Graduation rate: 94.0%
– Median debt: $14,000

Aerial view of Old Snell Hall of Clarkson University in Potsdam, New York.

Wangkun Jia // Shutterstock

#44. Clarkson University

– 40-year NPV: $1,706,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $81,358
– Net-price: $29,015
– Graduation rate: 76.0%
– Median debt: $24,205

A clock tower is seen through green leaves on the campus of Vanderbilt University.

Sean Pavone // Shutterstock

#43. Vanderbilt University

– 40-year NPV: $1,719,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $79,872
– Net-price: $19,432
– Graduation rate: 93.0%
– Median debt: $12,420

ESB Professional // Shutterstock

#42. College of the Holy Cross

– 40-year NPV: $1,732,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $84,653
– Net-price: $37,292
– Graduation rate: 91.0%
– Median debt: $26,000

Tony Savino // Shutterstock

#41. Milwaukee School of Engineering

– 40-year NPV: $1,735,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $81,328
– Net-price: $24,440
– Graduation rate: 69.0%
– Median debt: $23,500

Sunny view of the Brookings Hall of Washington University in St. Louis at Missouri

Evan Meyer // Shutterstock

#40. Washington University in St Louis

– 40-year NPV: $1,741,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $82,732
– Net-price: $26,869
– Graduation rate: 95.0%
– Median debt: $15,046

A college student intently writing in a classroom.

Gorgev // Shutterstock

#39. Manhattan University

– 40-year NPV: $1,747,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $83,117
– Net-price: $28,153
– Graduation rate: 72.0%
– Median debt: $22,000

Ganna Tokolova // Shutterstock

#38. University of Southern California

– 40-year NPV: $1,748,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $83,426
– Net-price: $29,528
– Graduation rate: 92.0%
– Median debt: $17,250

The entrance to Fairfield University's campus.

Connecticut Post via Getty Images

#37. Fairfield University

– 40-year NPV: $1,754,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $86,060
– Net-price: $38,869
– Graduation rate: 82.0%
– Median debt: $24,450

Jon Bilous // Shutterstock

#36. Johns Hopkins University

– 40-year NPV: $1,763,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $83,287
– Net-price: $29,342
– Graduation rate: 93.0%
– Median debt: $11,750

Cynthia Farmer // Shutterstock

#35. Lafayette College

– 40-year NPV: $1,766,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $84,939
– Net-price: $32,551
– Graduation rate: 87.0%
– Median debt: $16,000

Aerial view of Bucknell University in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.

tokar // Shutterstock

#34. Bucknell University

– 40-year NPV: $1,789,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $88,154
– Net-price: $42,502
– Graduation rate: 89.0%
– Median debt: $21,928

Kristi Blokhin // Shutterstock

#33. Washington and Lee University

– 40-year NPV: $1,828,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $86,020
– Net-price: $22,615
– Graduation rate: 95.0%
– Median debt: $18,750

Jay Yuan // Shutterstock

#32. Worcester Polytechnic Institute

– 40-year NPV: $1,855,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $89,405
– Net-price: $39,756
– Graduation rate: 88.0%
– Median debt: $26,795

College students working on computers at the student library.

GaudiLab // Shutterstock

#31. Bryant University

– 40-year NPV: $1,857,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $91,105
– Net-price: $39,234
– Graduation rate: 81.0%
– Median debt: $23,250

Joseph Sohm // Shutterstock

#30. Harvard University

– 40-year NPV: $1,859,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $84,918
– Net-price: $15,386
– Graduation rate: 97.0%
– Median debt: $12,072

Entrance Sign to Villanovia University.

Amy Lutz // Shutterstock

#29. Villanova University

– 40-year NPV: $1,860,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $90,613
– Net-price: $41,027
– Graduation rate: 90.0%
– Median debt: $24,988

Chuck W Walker // Shutterstock

#28. University of Notre Dame

– 40-year NPV: $1,863,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $88,962
– Net-price: $33,025
– Graduation rate: 96.0%
– Median debt: $19,000

Lewis Liu // Shutterstock

#27. Cornell University

– 40-year NPV: $1,884,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $91,176
– Net-price: $40,126
– Graduation rate: 95.0%
– Median debt: $13,108

Barbara Kalbfleisch // Shutterstock

#26. Claremont McKenna College

– 40-year NPV: $1,889,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $86,571
– Net-price: $22,161
– Graduation rate: 92.0%
– Median debt: $12,070

Jay Yuan // Shutterstock

#25. Dartmouth College

– 40-year NPV: $1,895,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $91,627
– Net-price: $33,574
– Graduation rate: 95.0%
– Median debt: $14,500

Helioscribe // Shutterstock

#24. Yale University

– 40-year NPV: $1,917,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $88,655
– Net-price: $17,549
– Graduation rate: 97.0%
– Median debt: $12,000

Jay Yuan // Shutterstock

#23. Boston College

– 40-year NPV: $1,924,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $93,021
– Net-price: $35,899
– Graduation rate: 93.0%
– Median debt: $16,999

Mariusz S. Jurgielewicz // Shutterstock

#22. Santa Clara University

– 40-year NPV: $1,940,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $93,291
– Net-price: $38,327
– Graduation rate: 91.0%
– Median debt: $16,999

James R. Martin // Shutterstock

#21. Kettering University

– 40-year NPV: $1,943,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $93,893
– Net-price: $37,518
– Graduation rate: 63.0%
– Median debt: $27,000

Suchan // Shutterstock

#20. Columbia University in the City of New York

– 40-year NPV: $1,946,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $89,871
– Net-price: $23,306
– Graduation rate: 96.0%
– Median debt: $19,250

Entrance sign of Rose‑Hulman Institute of Technology.

Rosemarie Mosteller // Shutterstock

#19. Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

– 40-year NPV: $1,947,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $94,131
– Net-price: $39,076
– Graduation rate: 84.0%
– Median debt: $22,577

Modern glass university building.

Jay Yuan // Shutterstock

#18. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

– 40-year NPV: $1,949,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $93,416
– Net-price: $35,464
– Graduation rate: 85.0%
– Median debt: $21,000

Entrance sign of Duke University in Durham, North Carolina.

Jay Yuan // Shutterstock

#17. Duke University

– 40-year NPV: $1,976,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $93,115
– Net-price: $27,020
– Graduation rate: 95.0%
– Median debt: $12,500

Jay Yuan // Shutterstock

#16. Lehigh University

– 40-year NPV: $2,019,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $95,033
– Net-price: $29,301
– Graduation rate: 89.0%
– Median debt: $20,024

Orhan Cam // Shutterstock

#15. Georgetown University

– 40-year NPV: $2,027,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $96,375
– Net-price: $28,909
– Graduation rate: 95.0%
– Median debt: $14,493

Brick building facade of Stevens Insitute of Technology.

Jeffrey Vock Photography // Shutterstock

#14. Stevens Institute of Technology

– 40-year NPV: $2,047,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $98,159
– Net-price: $37,588
– Graduation rate: 86.0%
– Median debt: $25,000

President Biden delivers a speech at SJU.

NurPhoto // Getty Images

#13. University of the Sciences

– 40-year NPV: $2,080,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $98,779
– Net-price: $33,637
– Graduation rate: 77.0%
– Median debt: $26,920

Jay Yuan // Shutterstock

#12. Carnegie Mellon University

– 40-year NPV: $2,119,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $99,998
– Net-price: $34,508
– Graduation rate: 90.0%
– Median debt: $19,000

Jay Yuan // Shutterstock

#11. Princeton University

– 40-year NPV: $2,126,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $95,689
– Net-price: $11,317
– Graduation rate: 97.0%
– Median debt: $10,355

Diego Grandi // Shutterstock

#10. Stanford University

– 40-year NPV: $2,200,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $97,798
– Net-price: $11,496
– Graduation rate: 94.0%
– Median debt: $11,000

EQRoy // Shutterstock

#9. University of Pennsylvania

– 40-year NPV: $2,211,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $103,246
– Net-price: $25,802
– Graduation rate: 96.0%
– Median debt: $14,000

Main campus of Babson College in Wellesley, Massachusetts.

Yingna Cai // Shutterstock

#8. Babson College

– 40-year NPV: $2,242,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $106,595
– Net-price: $34,606
– Graduation rate: 92.0%
– Median debt: $20,500

Aerial view of Bentley University main campus in downtown Waltham, Massachusetts.

Wangkun Jia // Shutterstock

#7. Bentley University

– 40-year NPV: $2,247,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $107,974
– Net-price: $38,986
– Graduation rate: 89.0%
– Median debt: $23,250

Entrance sign to Harvey Mudd College.

Jim_Brown_Photography // Shutterstock

#6. Harvey Mudd College

– 40-year NPV: $2,370,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $108,988
– Net-price: $32,727
– Graduation rate: 92.0%
– Median debt: $19,500

cdrin // Shutterstock

#5. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

– 40-year NPV: $2,490,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $111,222
– Net-price: $16,636
– Graduation rate: 95.0%
– Median debt: $12,000

Ken Wolter // Shutterstock

#4. California Institute of Technology

– 40-year NPV: $2,490,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $112,166
– Net-price: $24,274
– Graduation rate: 93.0%
– Median debt: $9,867

The exterior of a Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Science building.

Boston Globe // Getty Images

#3. MCPHS University

– 40-year NPV: $2,509,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $118,171
– Net-price: $37,712
– Graduation rate: 73.0%
– Median debt: $25,000

metamorworks // Shutterstock

#2. Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences

– 40-year NPV: $2,608,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $119,112
– Net-price: $29,116
– Graduation rate: 68.0%
– Median debt: $25,000

fizkes // Shutterstock

#1. University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis

– 40-year NPV: $2,680,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $121,576
– Net-price: $27,282
– Graduation rate: 84.0%
– Median debt: $15,500

Story editing by Jeff Inglis. Copy editing by Kristen Wegrzyn.

Topics:

Careers & Education
Showcase

How to Manage Your Freelance Workload During the Holiday Season

freelancer on holiday
By Cora Gold
5 min read • Originally published November 15, 2023 / Updated March 19, 2026
By Cora Gold
5 min read • Originally published November 15, 2023 / Updated March 19, 2026

Freelancing offers freedom and flexibility, but it can make your holidays challenging. You deserve a break as much as anyone, but you may be worried about halting your momentum or losing out on paying opportunities. However, taking the much-needed time off while managing your workload is possible.

Why You Need a Holiday

Are you feeling guilty about stepping back from work? You’re not alone — nearly 62% of Americans experience remorse for taking time off. On top of that, women are 20% more likely to feel that way.

Studies from the American Psychological Association show that taking a vacation reduces your stress levels, because you’re removing yourself from the sources of your stress. Whether you plan to travel for the holidays or simply spend quality time with family at home, taking a break can do wonders for your mental health.

Tackling Your Workload

When you work in an office, you can put work out of your mind as soon as you leave the building. You may not feel the same way as a full-time freelancer, especially if you work from home. However, you can take some of the same measures to ensure your work doesn’t creep into your time off.

  • Notify your editors or clients: Let your editors or clients know about your plans. Shoot them an email with the dates you’re unreachable and when you’ll return to work. Notify them at least a week in advance about your break so you have time to wrap up anything they need before you’re away.
  • Use a holiday “out of office” message: Craft an away message to send back to your clients when they send you an email. Include the dates you’re unavailable and will return in your message. However, if you still want to remain available, inform them to reach out on a separate platform.
  • Pay bills before you leave: Settle all your bills before the holiday rush gets in. Update invoices, schedule your payments and pay off your contractors earlier so they can enjoy the holidays, too.
  • Hire a virtual assistant: If there are tasks that can’t wait, you can hire a virtual assistant to cover for you. Administrative tasks, plotting your schedule and making phone calls are some activities you can give them.
  • Finish urgent tasks before the holidays: If there are jobs you can finish before the holidays, try your best to complete them earlier than their deadline. Ask your clients or anyone you work with if there’s anything you can do to help them before you take some time off.

Be Productive

In some cases, you may not be able to stop working completely. Freelance writers, for example, may have seasonal content to work on with hard deadlines. Others may actually want to take on more work during the holidays to earn extra spending money for gifts and travel. If that sounds like you, there are still ways to manage your workload while celebrating the season.

The best thing you can do is manage your schedule and avoid working overtime. Map out your holiday schedule in advance so you can plan your work around your family gatherings, holiday events and gift shopping. Maybe you work an extra hour a few days so you can free up time other days.

Doing more tasks in less time is another way to help you plan better for the holidays. Here’s what you can do to help maximize your productivity so you don’t find yourself work on the holidays:

  • Identify your most productive time of the workday: Pay attention to your energy and focus levels. Do you feel most alert when the sun’s up or when the house is quieter at night?
  • Take breaks during your workdays and weekends: Allow yourself to rest after working hard so you’ll be refreshed the next day.
  • Use time-management strategies and techniques: Try strategies like the Pomodoro technique or time-blocking system. If you frequently pause to scroll on your phone, use social-media-blocking applications to improve your focus.
  • Work in a conducive environment: If you work from home, dedicate a quiet room or space where you can work for hours. Try working in a café or co-working space if you’re more productive outside your home.
  • Listen to music: For some,it helps improve their concentration.
  • Tidy up your workplace before working: An organized space helps you focus better.

Take a Breather

Detaching from work during the holidays is good for your health, providing benefits such as a lower risk of heart disease, reduced stress and better job satisfaction. They’re a perfect time to take care of your well-being. Here’s how you can squeeze in some me-time amidst the holiday hustle and bustle:

  • Set aside time for yourself: You may have a full schedule this holiday, but always try to carve out time for yourself. Quality time alone is a great way to destress. Whether it’s playing an instrument, watching a TV series or journaling, some quiet time can do your mental health plenty of good.
  • Exercise regularly: It’s normal to look forward to holiday food, but try to stay on top of your health. Make time for exercise — even short bursts of physical activity — to keep up your energy.
  • Reflect: Take time to think about the past months. How was your freelance journey? What about your wins? Are you better at writing now?  Do you take feedback better now? It’s so easy to overlook small successes and growth milestones because of how fast paced the industry is. This holiday, take time to pat yourself on the back for doing your best every day.
  • Get rid of the guilt: It’s easy to feel guilty about all the money you could earn if you didn’t take some time off. But remember, you’re human — you deserve to enjoy the holidays with your friends and family, too.

Enjoy the Holidays

Full-time freelancers deserve to enjoy time off. While looming deadlines and workloads make it seem impossible initially, these tips will help you manage your time a few days before your well-deserved rest. Happy holidays!

Topics:

Go Freelance, Showcase
Careers & Education

Public Colleges With the Best Return on Investment for Your Career

Public Colleges With the Best Return on Investment for Your Career
By Madison Troyer
7 min read • Originally published November 20, 2023 / Updated March 19, 2026
By Madison Troyer
7 min read • Originally published November 20, 2023 / Updated March 19, 2026

Public colleges with the best return on investment

As of December 2025, student loan debt totals more than $1.84 trillion in the U.S. According to the Education Data Initiative, about 42.5 million adults across America have outstanding student loan debt, averaging about $42,600 per person. Those astronomical numbers have caused some to wonder if college is a sound investment.

Researchers from the Foundation for Research on Equal Opportunity say it is—in many cases, anyway. A May 2024 report found that higher education credentials, including bachelor’s degrees, doctorates, and undergraduate certificates, generally offer a significant return on investment (the money spent on tuition and other expenses). However, the study also notes that the exact amount of return varies based on the degree and, notably, the institution.

To help future students make a more informed decision, the research team behind the studies ranked 4,500 colleges, determining the best financial options. To do this, the team used data collected by College Scorecard.

The study ranks schools by the net present value, a measure of the projected earnings of an investment against the anticipated costs, both in today’s dollars and taking into account discounting interest rates, to determine whether an investment is worth making. Colleges were then ranked by the highest 40-year return on investment, with ties broken by the 10-year return.

Stacker looked at the public colleges with the best return on investment, highlighting information like graduation rates, net price, and median debt. This story only considers four-year, public colleges that predominantly grant bachelor’s degrees.

Here’s a breakdown of some key factors in the researchers’ calculations.

– 40-year NPV: What the sum of all earnings 40 years after enrollment is worth today, adjusted for the school’s education cost.

– Median earnings after 10 years: The typical annual salary 10 years after enrollment.

– Net price: The average price students pay per year after scholarships and financial aid, including books and living expenses.

– Graduation rate: The share of students who complete bachelor’s degrees within six years.

– Median debt: The typical amount of student debt graduates from this school hold.

#50. Rutgers University-New Brunswick

– 40-year NPV: $1,389,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $65,661
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 85%
– Net-price: $21,654
– Graduation rate: 82%
– Median debt: $19,000

#49. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology

– 40-year NPV: $1,393,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $64,650
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 83%
– Net-price: $14,595
– Graduation rate: 53%
– Median debt: $11,870

#48. University of Wisconsin-Madison

– 40-year NPV: $1,400,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $65,213
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 88%
– Net-price: $17,708
– Graduation rate: 87%
– Median debt: $18,250

#47. George Mason University

– 40-year NPV: $1,402,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $66,148
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 84%
– Net-price: $21,048
– Graduation rate: 70%
– Median debt: $16,000

#46. University of Rhode Island

– 40-year NPV: $1,403,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $66,484
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 83%
– Net-price: $20,607
– Graduation rate: 68%
– Median debt: $17,750

#45. Purdue University-Main Campus

– 40-year NPV: $1,415,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $65,257
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 86%
– Net-price: $13,986
– Graduation rate: 81%
– Median debt: $15,162

#44. Texas A & M University-College Station

– 40-year NPV: $1,418,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $66,566
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 86%
– Net-price: $19,057
– Graduation rate: 82%
– Median debt: $15,404

#43. Rutgers University-Newark

– 40-year NPV: $1,425,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $65,661
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 85%
– Net-price: $14,109
– Graduation rate: 67%
– Median debt: $19,000

#42. University of Florida-Online

– 40-year NPV: $1,425,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $64,463
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 85%
– Net-price: $7,492
– Graduation rate: Not available
– Median debt: $14,986

#41. University of California-Santa Barbara

– 40-year NPV: $1,427,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $66,491
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 85%
– Net-price: $15,884
– Graduation rate: 83%
– Median debt: $12,500

#40. Rutgers University-Camden

– 40-year NPV: $1,428,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $65,661
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 85%
– Net-price: $13,660
– Graduation rate: 61%
– Median debt: $19,000

#39. University of Florida

– 40-year NPV: $1,431,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $64,463
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 85%
– Net-price: $6,302
– Graduation rate: 89%
– Median debt: $14,986

#38. Stony Brook University

– 40-year NPV: $1,436,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $66,678
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 85%
– Net-price: $15,160
– Graduation rate: 75%
– Median debt: $15,000

#37. Citadel Military College of South Carolina

– 40-year NPV: $1,443,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $67,770
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 86%
– Net-price: $18,548
– Graduation rate: 73%
– Median debt: $18,500

#36. University of Delaware

– 40-year NPV: $1,447,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $67,298
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 88%
– Net-price: $17,220
– Graduation rate: 81%
– Median debt: $21,000

#35. The University of Texas at Austin

– 40-year NPV: $1,449,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $67,839
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 85%
– Net-price: $18,023
– Graduation rate: 84%
– Median debt: $18,500

#34. Oregon Institute of Technology

– 40-year NPV: $1,457,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $67,184
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 86%
– Net-price: $16,210
– Graduation rate: 49%
– Median debt: $16,475

#33. San José State University

– 40-year NPV: $1,463,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $67,365
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 84%
– Net-price: $14,928
– Graduation rate: 64%
– Median debt: $12,000

#32. University of Washington-Seattle Campus

– 40-year NPV: $1,500,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $68,925
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 86%
– Net-price: $13,297
– Graduation rate: 84%
– Median debt: $12,545

#30. CUNY Bernard M Baruch College

– 40-year NPV: $1,509,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $67,136
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 82%
– Net-price: $3,562
– Graduation rate: 69%
– Median debt: $9,500

#31. University of California-Davis

– 40-year NPV: $1,509,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $69,766
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 86%
– Net-price: $14,669
– Graduation rate: 87%
– Median debt: $11,500

#29. University of Washington-Bothell Campus

– 40-year NPV: $1,511,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $68,925
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 86%
– Net-price: $11,060
– Graduation rate: 66%
– Median debt: $12,545

#28. University of Washington-Tacoma Campus

– 40-year NPV: $1,512,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $68,925
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 86%
– Net-price: $10,817
– Graduation rate: 57%
– Median debt: $12,545

#27. South Dakota School of Mines and Technology

– 40-year NPV: $1,521,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $71,287
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 88%
– Net-price: $19,815
– Graduation rate: 49%
– Median debt: $20,500

#26. University of Connecticut

– 40-year NPV: $1,527,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $72,460
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 86%
– Net-price: $22,012
– Graduation rate: 84%
– Median debt: $19,292

#25. University of Maryland-College Park

– 40-year NPV: $1,541,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $71,837
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 87%
– Net-price: $19,045
– Graduation rate: 87%
– Median debt: $17,369

#24. Virginia Military Institute

– 40-year NPV: $1,544,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $71,910
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 89%
– Net-price: $17,804
– Graduation rate: 79%
– Median debt: $17,674

#23. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

– 40-year NPV: $1,550,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $71,539
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 89%
– Net-price: $15,880
– Graduation rate: 85%
– Median debt: $17,000

#22. University of California-Irvine

– 40-year NPV: $1,551,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $71,961
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 86%
– Net-price: $14,783
– Graduation rate: 84%
– Median debt: $14,390

#21. Binghamton University

– 40-year NPV: $1,557,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $72,980
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 87%
– Net-price: $19,353
– Graduation rate: 82%
– Median debt: $15,000

#20. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

– 40-year NPV: $1,559,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $73,159
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 88%
– Net-price: $21,198
– Graduation rate: 85%
– Median debt: $19,500

#19. Maine Maritime Academy

– 40-year NPV: $1,571,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $72,837
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 85%
– Net-price: $23,239
– Graduation rate: 73%
– Median debt: $24,250

#18. University of Connecticut-Stamford

– 40-year NPV: $1,576,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $72,460
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 86%
– Net-price: $11,982
– Graduation rate: 66%
– Median debt: $19,292

#17. University of Connecticut-Avery Point

– 40-year NPV: $1,585,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $72,460
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 86%
– Net-price: $9,981
– Graduation rate: 59%
– Median debt: $19,292

#16. University of Connecticut-Waterbury Campus

– 40-year NPV: $1,594,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $72,460
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 86%
– Net-price: $8,046
– Graduation rate: 64%
– Median debt: $19,292

#15. Michigan Technological University

– 40-year NPV: $1,595,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $73,541
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 87%
– Net-price: $16,463
– Graduation rate: 69%
– Median debt: $20,164

#14. University of California-Los Angeles

– 40-year NPV: $1,597,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $73,744
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 85%
– Net-price: $14,279
– Graduation rate: 91%
– Median debt: $14,035

#13. University of California-San Diego

– 40-year NPV: $1,622,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $74,771
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 86%
– Net-price: $14,232
– Graduation rate: 87%
– Median debt: $14,988

#12. University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

– 40-year NPV: $1,646,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $75,842
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 88%
– Net-price: $15,336
– Graduation rate: 93%
– Median debt: $16,633

#11. University of Virginia-Main Campus

– 40-year NPV: $1,649,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $77,048
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 88%
– Net-price: $20,397
– Graduation rate: 94%
– Median debt: $15,711

#10. New Jersey Institute of Technology

– 40-year NPV: $1,717,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $80,043
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 89%
– Net-price: $19,706
– Graduation rate: 66%
– Median debt: $17,500

#9. California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo

– 40-year NPV: $1,730,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $80,643
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 87%
– Net-price: $21,595
– Graduation rate: 82%
– Median debt: $16,500

#8. Missouri University of Science and Technology

– 40-year NPV: $1,749,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $80,289
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 89%
– Net-price: $14,262
– Graduation rate: 64%
– Median debt: $18,500

#7. University of California-Berkeley

– 40-year NPV: $1,752,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $80,364
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 87%
– Net-price: $15,329
– Graduation rate: 92%
– Median debt: $12,390

#6. SUNY Maritime College

– 40-year NPV: $1,832,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $84,443
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 90%
– Net-price: $20,616
– Graduation rate: 71%
– Median debt: $18,250

#5. United States Merchant Marine Academy

– 40-year NPV: $1,880,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $83,209
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 89%
– Net-price: $6,433
– Graduation rate: 82%
– Median debt: $7,000

#4. Colorado School of Mines

– 40-year NPV: $1,922,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $90,060
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 90%
– Net-price: $26,750
– Graduation rate: 82%
– Median debt: $19,500

#3. Georgia Institute of Technology-Main Campus

– 40-year NPV: $1,947,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $88,196
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 91%
– Net-price: $14,739
– Graduation rate: 89%
– Median debt: $20,250

#2. Massachusetts Maritime Academy

– 40-year NPV: $1,971,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $91,668
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 92%
– Net-price: $20,485
– Graduation rate: 75%
– Median debt: $23,099

#1. California State University Maritime Academy

– 40-year NPV: $1,977,000
– Median earnings after 10 years: $91,461
– Earn more than high school graduates after 10 years: 91%
– Net-price: $20,597
– Graduation rate: 64%
– Median debt: $19,500

Additional writing by Jeff Inglis. Story editing by Ashleigh Graf. Copy editing by Kristen Wegrzyn. Photo selection by Ania Antecka.

Topics:

Careers & Education
Showcase

7 Ways to Handle Rejection as a Freelance Writer (and Keep Going)

7 Ways to Handle Rejection as a Freelance Writer (and Keep Going)
By Cora Gold
4 min read • Originally published December 6, 2023 / Updated March 19, 2026
By Cora Gold
4 min read • Originally published December 6, 2023 / Updated March 19, 2026

As a freelance writer, you’ve probably had your fair share of rejection. Rejection can come in many forms, from kind and constructive feedback to no response at all. No one is immune to the occasional disappointment that comes with rejection. However, there are ways to handle it without losing confidence.

Is Getting Rejection Common as a Freelancer?

There are 73.3 million freelancers in the U.S. in 2023. Almost every industry is competitive and the writing world is no exception. Plenty of people find this part intimidating, as every writer is vocal about the obstacles they experience, including rejection.

Every great journalist, screenwriter, author and content writer has had their fair share of dismissal. It’s even more challenging when you’re self-employed, as having a piece rejected can mean you miss out on payment or an important byline.

Dealing with Rejection in Freelance Writing

With the high frequency of rejections as a freelance writer, it’s a testament to how important it is to stay determined. Some people throw away the pen altogether after feeling discouraged, which usually marks the end of their journey. It’s essential to look at rejection as a way to get better with these seven tips.

1. Take a Deep Breath

Having that initial feeling of sadness when getting rejected is perfectly normal. When getting into freelance writing, you don’t have to turn robotic and bury every negative emotion. It’s understandable to feel some disappointment, as you did work hard on the project.

When you get that rejection letter, the first thing you just need to do is breathe. Read through the email or note, and try to remember the dismissal is not personal in any way, shape or form.

2. Ask for Constructive Feedback

Rejection notes are short and general, with clients saying they might have found someone else for the project or your piece didn’t meet their expectations. Since they’re quite vague, try to ask for some constructive feedback.

Request specifics when seeking feedback so you receive well-thought-out suggestions on the project and know what points you can work on in the future. Plus, it gives you some peace of mind if the final verdict was just a mismatch in tone for their brand.

3. Think About the Silver Lining

While improving your writing, there might be a tiny voice in your head berating you for your previous work. A writer is often their biggest critic, but it’s one thing to coach yourself to do better and another to call yourself an impostor.

Instead of planting self-doubt, practice leading a pura vida mindset or lifestyle. Don’t get caught up in worries or responsibilities. Think of the dismissal as an opportunity to improve in the long run because this is what it truly is. Many people find reciting positive affirmations to be helpful. You can choose a phrase that’s meaningful to you, like “pura vida,” which reminds you to focus on what really matters in life.

4. Revisit Your Written Work

After receiving feedback, head back to your piece. The evaluation can give you a new perspective on your output and you might realize there are some points you can rework to develop.

In addition to revisiting your documents, it’s also good to search online for similar content. Try to find and fill any gaps to make your writing publication ready. Maybe writers had a friendlier tone when discussing the same topic as you did.

5. Improve Your Writing Process

Look at which area of the writing process you can improve on. The past two steps of seeking feedback and looking at other pieces give you information on refining your writing, but it’s time to implement them.

Incorporate comments from others and yourself. You can also reexamine the writing process before submitting again to ensure everything flows and is accurate.

6. Request Resubmission

When you’re done reworking the submission, reread the piece to see the improvements you’ve gone through. Treat it as a mental pat on the back for taking the rejection like a champ and bringing the content to its final form.

Consider returning to the client and requesting a resubmission of the project if they weren’t seeking it already. If you have any more doubts, get a family member or close friend to review your work. Having someone in your corner to cheer you on can motivate you to click send.

7. Rewrite and Submit Elsewhere

If a client or publication won’t accept a resubmission, it’s not the end of the line. You can submit your written piece to another outlet if you’re able to under your contract.

Keep the document as a writing sample if there’s nowhere else for your written work to go. It can come in handy the next time you run into a prospective brand looking for independent writers with experience in that industry.

Accept, Remember and Continue

Freelance writers who can handle rejection can find much success in the industry. It’s a skill that takes time to develop, but its impact on your career is unmatched. Use the tips above and keep writing!

Topics:

How to Pitch, Showcase
Entertainment

The 50 Best Seinfeld Episodes of All Time, Ranked

The 50 Best Seinfeld Episodes of All Time, Ranked
By Jacob Osborn
20 min read • Originally published December 8, 2023 / Updated March 19, 2026
By Jacob Osborn
20 min read • Originally published December 8, 2023 / Updated March 19, 2026

50 best ‘Seinfeld’ episodes of all time

Throughout its nine-season run from 1989 to 1998, Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David’s sitcom “Seinfeld” upended every conceivable norm society could throw its way. A sitcom landscape once dominated by family-oriented fare was taken over by four perennially single friends—Jerry (played by himself), George (Jason Alexander), Elaine (Julia Louis-Dreyfus), and Kramer (Michael Richards)—whose Manhattan-based misadventures made for some of television’s most memorable moments.

It’s no wonder the show still endures through reruns and streaming services like Netflix, which paid $500 million for the rights to “Seinfeld” for five years, from 2021 to 2026, after Hulu’s $180 million deal expired. The series’ cultural relevance is alive and well, too, with events like the Elaine Dance Contest amusing audiences at an August 2025 Brooklyn Cyclones game. And, as noted in a December 2024 report from CNN, many “Seinfeld” fans still celebrate Festivus, a Christmas-adjacent holiday made famous by a 1997 episode.

Frequently advertised as a show about nothing, “Seinfeld” was, in fact, quite the opposite. Specifically, the 180-episode series knits together multiple seemingly unrelated storylines to masterful effect within any given episode, ultimately leaving no subject unexplored. One might even say that “Seinfeld” was so adept at layering plots and jokes within jokes that it can be hard to remember which joke came from which episode.

Here, Stacker ranked the 50 best “Seinfeld” episodes of all time. The list was curated using IMDb user ratings as of April 2025; if multiple episodes have the same rating, they were sorted by the number of user votes. Counting down from #50 to #1, here are the best episodes from one of the most celebrated television comedies of all time.

#50. The Cheever Letters

-IMDb user rating: 8.5
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 4, episode 8
– Air date: Oct. 28, 1992

Jerry gives dirty bedroom talk his best shot and upsets his date in the process. Similarly out of her element is Susan, who discovers that her father once had a torrid love affair with author John Cheever. As luck would have it, the secret never would have come out had Kramer not burned down her father’s cabin in a previous episode.

#49. The Pick

-IMDb user rating: 8.5
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 4, episode 13
– Air date: Dec. 16, 1992

Embarrassment abounds in this episode. Elaine sends out a personalized Christmas card that is too personal. Then, Jerry’s girlfriend thinks she sees him picking his nose, which more or less ends the relationship. That same girlfriend works at Calvin Klein, which has a new beach-themed fragrance on the market: Ocean. The only problem is Kramer thought of the idea first.

#48. The Invitations

-IMDb user rating: 8.5
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 7, episode 22
– Air date: May 16, 1996

Season seven ended on a rather dark—albeit thoroughly comedic—note with “The Invitations.” In the episode, George is crippled by stress over his upcoming wedding, then granted a last-minute reprieve when Susan spontaneously passes away. The cause of her death? Licking the poisonous envelopes for their wedding invitations, naturally. Not including the series finale, this was the last episode written by Larry David before he exited the show.

#47. The Mango

-IMDb user rating: 8.5
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 5, episode 1
– Air date: Sept. 16, 1993

In the season five premiere, Jerry suffers a sexual identity crisis when Elaine reveals that she faked pleasure during some of their previous encounters. To make up for it, Jerry persuades Elaine to give him one last chance in the bedroom, where he struggles to perform. Perhaps one of Kramer’s mangos, supposedly an aphrodisiac, will help.

#46. The Pitch

-IMDb user rating: 8.5
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 4, episode 3
– Air date: Sept. 16, 1992

While the “Seinfeld” writers frequently modeled their story ideas after real-life experiences, Larry David took that concept to the next level in season four, when he incorporated a story arc based loosely on the show’s origins. Kicking off the arc is “The Pitch,” in which George and Jerry put together a sitcom “based on nothing.” The sitcom television landscape—and “Seinfeld” itself—was never quite the same.

#45. The Library

-IMDb user rating: 8.5
– Director: Joshua White
– Season 3, episode 5
– Air date: Oct. 16, 1991

The closest “Seinfeld” ever got to “Rashomon” was this episode, in which Jerry swears he returned “The Tropic of Cancer” back to the library in 1971. After speaking with some people from his past, however, Jerry realizes his memory might not be as sharp as he thought. Putting on the pressure is a library cop named Sam Bookman, played by actor Philip Baker Hall. By the end of the episode, Jerry and George are no closer to finding out what happened to the book. Just before the credits roll, it’s revealed that the book ended up in the hands of their old gym coach, Mr. Heyman, who’s now homeless and living outside the library.

#44. The Pothole

-IMDb user rating: 8.6
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 8, episode 16
– Air date: Feb. 20, 1997

Future “Sex and the City” star Kristin Davis appears as Jerry’s girl of the week, Jenna, in this episode. What could be a slightly longer relationship is derailed after Jenna uses a toothbrush that falls in the toilet. For Jerry—a perpetual neat freak—it’s simply too much to handle. The tables are turned, however, when Jenna puts something of Jerry’s in the toilet and doesn’t tell him what. When both parties agree to move past the issue, the relationship finally seems back on track until Jenna’s sewage pipes explode while she’s in the bathroom.

#43. The Susie

-IMDb user rating: 8.6
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 8, episode 15
– Air date: Feb. 13, 1997

Larry David exited “Seinfeld” after the seventh season, but that didn’t stop the eighth season from churning out some of the show’s most iconic episodes. Among them was “The Susie,” in which Elaine gets mistaken by a co-worker for someone named Susie. Once the situation escalates, Elaine and Jerry realize they have no choice but to kill off the nonexistent woman. The episode ends at Susie’s funeral, where J. Peterman confesses that he and the actual Susie were once an item, and Jerry and Elaine are accused of murder.

#42. The Package

-IMDb user rating: 8.6
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 8, episode 5
– Air date: Oct. 17, 1996

In this episode, Jerry and Kramer commit mail fraud, triggering an intense showdown with Newman at the post office. George and Elaine have their own respective adventures. For George, that means engaging in what he thinks is a tit-for-tat picture exchange with an attractive girl at the photo place. For Elaine, it’s searching all over New York for a doctor who will tend to her rash and coming up empty-handed after being labeled as “difficult” on her medical report.

#41. The Caddy

-IMDb user rating: 8.6
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 7, episode 12
– Air date: Jan. 25, 1996

In this episode, Kramer and Jerry get into a car crash after being distracted by Sue Ellen Mischke (played by Brenda Strong), a formerly braless candy bar heiress who now wears a bra—a gift from Elaine—as a top. With his golf swing compromised from the crash, Kramer takes Sue Ellen Mischke to court, where his caddy suggests that she try on the bra that distracted them. In an obvious nod to the O.J. Simpson trial, the bra doesn’t fit, and the lawsuit falls apart.

#40. The Wink

-IMDb user rating: 8.6
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 7, episode 4
– Air date: Oct. 12, 1995

A squirt of juice from a grapefruit causes George to develop an uncontrollable winking habit. Misconstruing one of George’s winks is Kramer, who consequently sells a birthday card signed by the New York Yankees, meant for Yankees owner George Steinbrenner. The card ends up in the hands of a little boy, who will give it back if Paul O’Neill hits two home runs in the next game.

#39. The Engagement

-IMDb user rating: 8.6
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 7, episode 1
– Air date: Sept. 21, 1995

The premiere of season seven presented viewers with a long-term commitment, a concept they never expected to play out on “Seinfeld.” Specifically, the episode finds George proposing to former girlfriend Susan Ross, kicking off an arc that would run through the entire season. On the opposite side of the tracks is Elaine, who hires Kramer and Newman to kidnap a dog that’s been keeping her up at night, only to subsequently wonder if she has hit rock bottom.

#38. The Bottle Deposit

-IMDb user rating: 8.6
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 7, episode 20
– Air date: May 2, 1996

In another two-part episode, “The Bottle Deposit” follows Kramer and Newman as they embark on a cross-country journey in a mail truck, all to play the margins in a bottle deposit scheme—which, as it turns out, is illegal in real life. The plan is compromised when Kramer spots Jerry’s stolen car and hastily gives chase, only to have JFK’s golf clubs thrown at the mail truck windshield. Abandoning the truck, Kramer and Newman make their way to a farm, where chaos naturally ensues.

#37. The Fire

-IMDb user rating: 8.6
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 5, episode 20
– Air date: May 5, 1994

Starring Jon Favreau as Eric the clown, this episode takes George’s self-centeredness to some truly shameless heights. It begins when a fire breaks out during a boy’s birthday party. George—who’s dating the boy’s mother—swiftly adopts an “every man for himself” attitude, pummeling both old women and young children on his way out the door. In other words: classic George.

#36. The Stall

-IMDb user rating: 8.6
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 5, episode 12
– Air date: Jan. 6, 1994

Jerry’s girlfriend Jane (played by Jami Gertz) won’t share her toilet paper and doesn’t have a “square to spare” when Elaine begs for one from the adjacent bathroom stall. To avoid a potential disaster, Jerry goes to great lengths to keep Jane and Elaine apart. Speaking of disaster, George and Kramer go rock-climbing with Elaine’s boyfriend, Tony, who ends up falling and smashing his handsome face.

#35. The Pilot

-IMDb user rating: 8.6
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 4, episode 23
– Air date: May 20, 1993

Not to be confused with the show’s actual pilot, season four’s hour-long episode “The Pilot” sees Jerry and George’s sitcom finally hitting the airwaves. No longer exclusively a show about nothing, “Jerry” stars Jerry himself in the lead role: a middle-aged New Yorker who ends up with a court-ordered butler on his hands. After being viewed by a swath of “Seinfeld” characters, NBC cancels the pilot abruptly. Thankfully, “Seinfeld” didn’t suffer a similar fate when it first aired in 1989, despite suffering low ratings at the time.

#34. The Implant

-IMDb user rating: 8.6
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 4, episode 19
– Air date: Feb. 25, 1993

In this episode, Jerry has mammaries on his mind as he struggles to figure out whether or not a girl named Sidra (played by Teri Hatcher) has breast implants. To get to the bottom—or top—of things, he enlists help from Elaine, who accidentally lunges at Sidra’s bosom in the gym sauna. Despite the encounter, Elaine’s diagnosis remains inconclusive. When Jerry’s plot is eventually exposed, Sidra heads out the door, but not before informing Jerry that “they’re real, and they’re spectacular.”

#33. The Boyfriend

-IMDb user rating: 8.6
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 3, episode 17-18
– Air date: Feb. 12, 1992

Sparks fly in “The Boyfriend” first between Jerry and former Major League Baseball star Keith Hernandez, then between Hernandez and Elaine. Suddenly, Jerry and Elaine find themselves battling for his affection. Meanwhile, Kramer and Newman discuss the time Hernandez hit them both with a single loogie, wondering aloud if there was, in fact, a second spitter. And that’s just the first part.

#32. The Chinese Restaurant

-IMDb user rating: 8.6
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 2, episode 11
– Air date: May 23, 1991

Reportedly inspired by Larry David’s own experiences waiting for a table at Los Angeles restaurant Genghis Cohen, this groundbreaking episode finds Jerry and the gang waiting for a table at a Chinese restaurant. And that’s pretty much the whole premise. For somewhat obvious reasons, NBC initially balked at the idea, until David threatened to quit the show. In the end, David won, and television history was made.

#31. The Nap

-IMDb user rating: 8.7
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 8, episode 18
– Air date: April 10, 1997

George Costanza might be a lazy sociopath. But that doesn’t mean he can’t experience the occasional flash of brilliance. Proving as much is “The Nap,” in which George has a special compartment built into his office desk, allowing him to take midday naps without getting caught. The plan goes awry when Steinbrenner plants himself in George’s office and refuses to leave until George appears.

#30. The Frogger

-IMDb user rating: 8.7
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 9, episode 18
– Air date: April 23, 1998

George and Jerry visit a pizza place they used to frequent as teenagers. Once there, they discover that the place is about to go out of business, taking George’s top Frogger score along with it. To save the top score, George finds himself playing a game of real-life Frogger as he navigates the arcade machine through traffic.

#29. The Calzone

-IMDb user rating: 8.7
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 7, episode 19
– Air date: April 25, 1996

In this episode, George spontaneously finds himself on Steinbrenner’s good side, thanks exclusively to the calzones they both eat for lunch daily. However, once a tipping fiasco gets George banned from the Italian restaurant that makes the calzones, George turns to Newman and then Kramer for help. As one might expect, things don’t go exactly as planned, especially after Kramer shows up at the restaurant with a sack full of pennies.

#28. The Fusilli Jerry

-IMDb user rating: 8.7
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 6, episode 20
– Air date: April 27, 1995

The first episode to feature David Puddy as Elaine’s boyfriend, “The Fusilli Jerry” has Puddy imitating one of Jerry’s sexual “moves.” Feeling like he’s had material stolen, Jerry demands that Puddy stop using the move. In response, Puddy comes up with his own move, described by Elaine as a “big-budget movie with a story that goes nowhere.” Meanwhile, Kramer makes a name for himself as the “A**man,” and also makes a pasta statue of Jerry that ends up in Mr. Costanza’s rear end.

#27. The Strike

-IMDb user rating: 8.7
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 9, episode 10
– Air date: Dec. 18, 1997

While called “The Strike” in honor of Kramer’s temporary job—and subsequent strike—at a New York bagel store, this episode is better known for introducing the world to Festivus. It’s a holiday that George’s father invented involving bizarre rituals, including wrestling matches known as “feats of strength.” As Elaine says concerning George’s often inexplicable personality: “Another piece of the puzzle falls into place.”

#26. The Junior Mint

-IMDb user rating: 8.7
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 4, episode 20
– Air date: March 17, 1993

Elaine visits an ex-boyfriend named Roy in the hospital to find he’s whipped himself into shape since they broke up. They make plans to get together after Roy’s surgery, but things take a turn for the worse after Kramer and Jerry—who are watching the surgery from a viewing deck—accidentally drop a Junior Mint into Roy’s body. Meanwhile, Jerry has his own problems in that he can’t remember the name of the girl he’s dating, despite her clue that it rhymes with a female body part.

#25. The Tape

-IMDb user rating: 8.7
– Director: David Steinberg
– Season 3, episode 8
– Air date: Nov. 13, 1991

George orders an experimental cream from China to reverse his baldness. Spoiler alert: it doesn’t work. As for Jerry, he’s preoccupied with a tape he recorded during his most recent stand-up routine, which features seductive utterances from a mysterious woman. As it turns out, the woman is Elaine, who was completely joking when she made the recording. Nevertheless, Jerry, George, and Kramer suddenly become infatuated with their dirty-minded friend.

#24. The Subway

-IMDb user rating: 8.7
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 3, episode 13
– Air date: Jan. 8, 1992

Another episode largely centered around a central location—or in this case, four separate locations—”The Subway” chronicles the misadventures of the show’s four main characters as they ride four respective subway cars. For Jerry, that means sitting across from a naked man. For George: getting swindled by a subway siren.

#23. The Bubble Boy

-IMDb user rating: 8.7
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 4, episode 7
– Air date: Oct. 7, 1992

In this legendary episode, Jerry, Elaine, George, and Susan head up to Susan’s family’s cabin, but not before stopping at a house along the way. Residing in the house is a young boy named Donald, a huge fan of Jerry’s who happens to live in a plastic bubble for medical reasons. After losing Jerry on the road, George and Susan arrive alone at Donald’s house, where a bitter match of Trivial Pursuit ensues.

#22. The Parking Garage

-IMDb user rating: 8.7
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 3, episode 6
– Air date: Oct. 30, 1991

Another episode in the location-based tradition, “The Parking Space” finds Jerry and the gang lost in a mall parking garage. While trying to remember where they parked, Jerry gets caught publicly urinating, and Elaine’s goldfish dies. At the end of the episode, they finally find the car, only to discover that the engine won’t start.

#21. The Rye

-IMDb user rating: 8.8
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 7, episode 11
– Air date: Jan. 4, 1996

Representing a bonafide recipe for disaster, George’s parents come over for dinner at Susan’s parents’ apartment, bringing a loaf of rye bread as a gift. When they realize the bread was not served, the Costanzas take it back, causing George to look bad by association. Eager to make it appear as if the loaf never left the apartment, George and Jerry concoct a scheme involving a fishing rod and Kramer’s horse. What could go wrong?

#20. The Serenity Now

-IMDb user rating: 8.8
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 9, episode 3
– Air date: Oct. 9, 1997

Most characters on “Seinfeld” could use some good old-fashioned relaxation. As this season nine episode proves beyond a shadow of a doubt, repeatedly chanting “serenity now” is not that therapeutic. The technique doesn’t work for Lloyd Braun or Mr. Costanza, and it certainly doesn’t work for Kramer, who destroys a bunch of computers in a fit of cathartic rage. Unfortunately, those computers belonged to George, who was hiding them from his father after claiming he sold them to nonexistent customers.

#19. The Puffy Shirt

-IMDb user rating: 8.8
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 5, episode 2
– Air date: Sept. 23, 1993

In this brilliant episode, Kramer is dating a “low talker,” meaning a woman who speaks with a very soft voice. That makes it hard to hear what she’s saying during dinner with Jerry and Elaine, who find themselves nodding reflexively. As it turns out, Jerry agreed to wear a puffy-sleeved, pirate-style shirt on an upcoming TV appearance, a move that could have disastrous consequences. Meanwhile, George rises to success—and then quickly flames out—as a well-paid hand model. As for the puffy shirt, it’s on display at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History.

#18. The Little Kicks

-IMDb user rating: 8.9
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 8, episode 4
– Air date: Oct. 10, 1996

Elaine might not be aware of it, but she’s quite possibly the world’s worst dancer. George discovers as much in this episode, when he attends Elaine’s office party and witnesses her dance moves with his own eyes. Meanwhile, Jerry is forced by Kramer’s friend into a career as a movie bootlegger. This is one among many “Seinfeld” episodes to feature made-up films like “Cry, Cry Again” and “Death Blow.”

#17. The Chicken Roaster

-IMDb user rating: 8.9
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 8, episode 8
– Air date: Nov. 14, 1996

In this episode, a Kenny Rogers Roasters moves in next door to Jerry and Kramer’s building, and the restaurant’s glowing red sign keeps Kramer up at night. As a result, he and Jerry switch apartments … and personalities in the process. Jerry forces Kramer to move back upon finding out that Kramer is hooked on the chicken. Unfortunately for Kramer, however, the restaurant shuts down after Jerry distributes rat fur all over its interior.

#16. The Jimmy

-IMDb user rating: 8.9
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 6, episode 18
– Air date: March 16, 1995

While at the gym, Jerry and the gang meet an interesting basketball player named Jimmy. While Jimmy is a rock star on the court—until he gets injured, that is—he has the idiosyncratic tendency to refer to himself in the third person. That’s a problem for Elaine, who thinks Jimmy’s setting her up on a date with a guy named “Jimmy,” when he’s asking her out himself.

#15. The Switch

-IMDb user rating: 8.9
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 6, episode 11
– Air date: Jan. 5, 1995

This iconic “Seinfeld” episode is considered downright essential for two reasons. The first is the delivery of one of George Costanza’s most diabolical schemes, which involves having Jerry make a lewd suggestion to his girlfriend of the week to allow Jerry to start dating her roommate instead. The other reason is the reveal of Kramer’s elusive first name: Cosmo. Cosmo?! Cosmo.

#14. The Race

-IMDb user rating: 8.9
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 6, episode 10
– Air date: Dec. 15, 1994

Like something out of his wildest “Superman”-based fantasies, Jerry starts dating a dark-haired girl named Lois. There’s just one major problem: Lois’ boss is Duncan Meyer, an old rival of Jerry’s who insists correctly that Jerry once cheated in an important high school race. Rather than clear up the matter with another showdown, Jerry boldly declares, “I choose not to race.” After Duncan threatens to fire Lois, however, Jerry is forced to prove himself a worthy runner again.

#13. The Airport

-IMDb user rating: 8.9
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 4, episode 12
– Air date: Nov. 25, 1992

Jerry Seinfeld’s stand-up routines frequently skewer airlines, yet his character has no complaints when flying first class in this episode. On the other hand, Elaine has a miserable experience back in coach, prompting her to try and sneak into first class no matter how desperate her attempts may seem. Over at the airport, Kramer and George have their misadventures as they wait for Jerry and Elaine’s plane to arrive.

#12. The Betrayal

-IMDb user rating: 8.9
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 9, episode 8
– Air date: Nov. 20, 1997

“Seinfeld” fans thought they’d seen it all by season nine, and then “The Betrayal” came along. This boldly experimental episode starts at the end and journeys backward, making it truly unique in the annals of television. Most of the plot centers on Sue Ellen Mischke’s wedding in India, though it’s the show’s backward execution that continues to impress viewers to this day.

#11. The Limo

-IMDb user rating: 8.9
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 3, episode 18
– Air date: Feb. 26, 1992

An episode few “Seinfeld” fans are likely to forget, “The Limo” dives into spy thriller territory, complete with mistaken identities and lethal handguns. It begins when George pretends to be a man named Mr. O’Brien, so he and Jerry can steal O’Brien’s limo ride from the airport. As it turns out, however, Mr. O’Brien is a notorious neo-Nazi, in town for a major speech at Madison Square Garden.

#10. The Abstinence

-IMDb user rating: 9.0
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 8, episode 9
– Air date: Nov. 21, 1996

In this episode, George is forced to give up sex for six weeks, and the experience opens up new pathways in his previously preoccupied brain. On the flip side of that coin is Elaine, who also gives up sex, only to discover that it plunges her into a dim-witted stupor. Meanwhile, Jerry is bumped from a gig at his old junior high school, and Kramer becomes the new Marlboro Man.

#9. The Bizarro Jerry

-IMDb user rating: 9.0
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 8, episode 3
– Air date: Oct. 3, 1996

Like something from a “Superman” comic book, this episode finds Elaine making three new friends, each representing a “bizarro” version of Jerry, George, and Kramer. Meanwhile, George finagles his way into a secret underground club filled with gorgeous models. Having slightly less luck is Jerry, who’s dating a woman with oversized “man hands.”

#8. The Yada Yada

-IMDb user rating: 9.0
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 8, episode 19
– Air date: April 24, 1997

Giving “Seinfeld” one of its most enduring colloquialisms is this season eight episode, in which George’s girlfriend “yada-yadas” through every story, cutting right to the chase. At first, George is delighted with the technique until she potentially “yada-yadas” over an affair with her ex-boyfriend. Tormented by the prospect, George asks her to go back and elucidate on her previous stories. The good news is she didn’t sleep with her ex. The bad news, however, is that she’s a kleptomaniac.

#7. The Merv Griffin Show

-IMDb user rating: 9.0
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 9, episode 6
– Air date: Nov. 6, 1997

Kramer finds discarded set pieces from “The Merv Griffin Show” sitting out by the trash, and proceeds to create a talk show in the middle of his apartment. At first, Kramer and his sidekick Newman adopt a wholesome, traditional approach, but then they decide to mix up the format, mirroring shows like “Jerry Springer” instead. That doesn’t bode well for Jerry, who’s been secretly drugging his girlfriend to play with her vintage toys. Jerry admits as much on Kramer’s show, just before the girlfriend emerges from backstage.

#6. The Hamptons

-IMDb user rating: 9.0
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 5, episode 21
– Air date: May 12, 1994

Few “Seinfeld” episodes pack in as many jokes per scene as “The Hamptons.” In the episode, Jerry and the gang visit a couple’s beach house, where the couple introduces their ugly baby. Soon after, Jerry’s girlfriend walks in on George in a state of undress. Normally, George wouldn’t mind, but in this particular instance, he’d just been in the pool—where the water was cold.

#5. The Marine Biologist

-IMDb user rating: 9.2
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 5, episode 14
– Air date: Feb. 10, 1994

Presenting a monologue for the ages is this episode, in which George pretends to be a marine biologist to impress a woman he’s dating. The ruse is going well enough until the two come upon a beached whale with breathing problems, whom only a marine biologist can save. As George explains in the historic closing monologue, the sea was angry that day, “like an old man trying to send soup back at a deli.” After a wave launches him atop the whale’s back, George reaches into the blowhole to withdraw the obstruction: one of Kramer’s golf balls.

#4. The Outing

-IMDb user rating: 9.4
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 4, episode 17
– Air date: Feb. 11, 1993

In this classic episode, Jerry and George are mistaken for a gay couple—”not that there’s anything wrong with that”—by a local reporter. After the Associated Press picks up the story, Jerry must clear things up with friends and family. On the other hand, George decides to go along with the story, using his presumed homosexuality as an excuse to break up with his girlfriend.

#3. The Opposite

-IMDb user rating: 9.5
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 5, episode 22
– Air date: May 19, 1994

Things finally start going George’s way in this episode, in which he does the opposite of everything he would normally do. Not only does such a maneuver land him a hot date, it eventually scores him a job with the New York Yankees. Making his grand debut as the voice of Yankees owner George Steinbrenner is none other than series co-creator Larry David.

#2. The Soup Nazi

-IMDb user rating: 9.5
– Director: Andy Ackerman
– Season 7, episode 6
– Air date: Nov. 2, 1995

Inspired by a real-life—and now bankrupted—operation, “The Soup Nazi” centers on a chef with a very strict ordering-out policy. When a customer fails to abide by the policy, the man retracts the order, famously shouting, “No soup for you!” The episode is so enduring and iconic that actor Larry Thomas, who played the Soup Nazi, claimed he’s recognized more for the role nowadays than when the episode first aired.

#1. The Contest

-IMDb user rating: 9.5
– Director: Tom Cherones
– Season 4, episode 11
– Air date: Nov. 18, 1992

It’s no secret that “Seinfeld” co-creator—and real-life George Costanza—Larry David based numerous storylines on his personal experiences. And nowhere does this personal connection work to the show’s advantage more than in “The Contest.” This edgy, Emmy Award-winning episode finds Jerry and the gang making a bet to see who can be “master of their domain.”

The result was must-see TV at its finest and a major contributor to the show’s historic success. In 2009, TV Guide named it the best TV episode of all time, and rightfully so. It’s also the #1 “Seinfeld” episode based on IMDb user ratings when paired with the number of votes.

Data reporting by Luke Hicks and Wade Zhou. Copy editing by Robert Wickwire.

Topics:

Entertainment
Interviews

Q&A With Toby Young: On Journalism, Theater, and the Art of Burning Bridges

Professional persona non grata Toby Young tells us why some members of the media will call off their vendettas long before his wife does, and reveals which of his writings should really have his enemies running scared

By Rebecca L. Fox
9 min read • Originally published February 7, 2024 / Updated March 19, 2026
By Rebecca L. Fox
9 min read • Originally published February 7, 2024 / Updated March 19, 2026

media toby youngMeet Toby Young at mediabistro’s July 12 celebration and reading of The Sound of No Hands Clapping.

mediabistro: You’ve worked in multiple industries, including theater, journalism, books, and filmmaking. What’s the relative bridge-burning quotient in each? Which industry (or individuals within it) forgives quicker, which forgets, and which will never stop punishing you for prior offenses?

Toby Young: The general rule is that success absolves you of any sin. In my first
book, for instance, I was pretty heretical about Condé Nast, but I
got away with it because the book did quite well. Once it got onto
The New York Times‘ bestseller list, Si Newhouse had to call off his
assassins. If it had done badly, by contrast, I think I would have
disappeared without a trace. (This may be a total fantasy on my part.
It could be that Si is completely unaware of the book to this day.)

There is an exception to this rule: actors. Woe betide the writer who
dares to criticize an actor—and the better known the writer, the
more heinous the foul. For the past five years, I’ve been the drama
critic of the Spectator (Britain’s equivalent of The New Yorker) and
I don’t think a single actor I’ve given a bad notice to has forgiven
me. They have the memory of elephants.

EXCERPT:

The Sound of No Hands Clapping

This reminds me of an anecdote related by the Oscar-winning
screenwriter Frederic Raphael. It dates back to the 1970s when he was
writing plays for British television: “An actor came up to me and
asked whether I thought that the hydrogen bomb really represented a
threat to the future of the human race. I answered with a lot of on
the one hand, and then again on the other. I had given him, he said,
a lot to think about. Another actor sidled up to me and said, “May I
say something? When an actor asks whether you think that the human
race is threatened by atomic weapons, the required answer is, ‘I
think you’re giving an absolutely wonderful performance.'”

mediabistro: How do you follow up a success like your previous book? Was it
easier or harder to get started on The Sound of No Hands Clapping?

Young: Undoubtedly much harder. I knew that people would be gunning for me
after the success of the first book and that made me much more self-
critical. I’d write a chapter, read it back, and then screw it up
into a ball and hurl it across the room, saying, “It’s going to have
to be a lot better than that.”

In the end, after several deadlines had sailed past, I just decided
to get on with it. I realized there was no point in worrying what the
critics would say because they’ll all say the same thing: “I loved
the first one, but this one sucks.” And, of course, some of the
critics saying this will be the same ones who said that my first book
sucked five years ago.

mediabistro: Who/what friends or bigwigs have you alienated since your latest
book? How about those you pissed off around the time of the first
one—have any come back around?

Young: The Sound of No Hands Clapping was published in America on July 4 and
doesn’t come out in Britain until September 7, so it’s too early to
say. I’m hoping not to receive any threatening letters from high-
powered attorneys, which I did first time round. Having said that, I
did receive a call from Stephen Woolley, the guy who’s producing the
movie version of my first book and who appears as a character in the
latest one. He said he wasn’t particularly delighted with the way
I’ve portrayed him—and then added, as if the two things were
entirely unconnected, that he’s arranged to review it for The Times
of London.

mediabistro: What do you think about the “fake writer” controversies of late, for
example, James Frey and Kaavya Viswanathan?

Young: Well, those are two different controversies. In the case of James
Frey, he could have avoided all the trouble by including a simple
disclaimer at the beginning of A Thousand Little Pieces admitting
that he’d altered a few of the facts. It’s only because he tried to
pass off everything in his book as 100 percent true that he got busted.

I’ve
always made it very clear that only 95 percent of my books are true. It
probably helps that my memoirs are supposed to be funny. I think
readers grant authors a certain latitude if they make them laugh.
David Sedaris is a case in point. No one reading a book by him thinks
that every story he tells happened exactly the way he describes it.
They know he’s given things a little twist in order to make them
funny, in the same way you would if you were telling a story to a
group of friends in a bar.

Kaavya Viswanathan has been accused of plagiarism, which is a very
different charge. The thing that amazes me about cases like hers is
why the authors don’t bother to put what they’ve lifted from other
sources in their own words. I mean, even when I copied out large
chunks from text books in my school essays I knew enough to do that.
I do feel sorry for Kaavya Viswanathan, though. It’s terrible for a
writer’s career to be ended at such a young age. I hope she has
another go at writing a book, only this time all in her own words.

mediabistro: Where do your memoirs land on the authenticity spectrum? Is there
more pressure now to quantify how much you massaged actual events to
make them entertaining to readers? Did this come up between you and
your agent, editor or anyone else at Da Capo?

Young: I made it very clear to my editor at Da Capo, both in the case of How to Lose Friends and The Sound of No Hands Clapping, that I’ve given
some of the stories in both books a bit of top spin. He responded by
saying he wouldn’t have expected anything less and that, in fact,
he’d be very disappointed if I hadn’t made some things up. I’ve kept
a copy of that email because I have this terrible vision of some
diligent journalist going through both books with a fine-toothed comb
and teasing out all the fabrications. If that ever happens, at least
I’ll be able to prove that I never tried to hoodwink my editor.

mediabistro: What do you think of Oprah? Is she good for publishing?

Young: Yes, undoubtedly. I’m a huge fan—and I’m not just saying that
because I’d like to be on her show. What’s not to like about the fact
that she promotes books? The only people who object to it are snobs
who don’t like the idea of their own treasured little habits being
taken up by the hoi polloi. Literary culture is in decline and
anything that slows that process down is to be applauded.

mediabistro: What are you working on right now? What will your next book be
about? If you don’t know, what are you leaning towards?

Young: I’ve just co-authored a sex farce about the Royal Family that’s
debuting in an off-West End theatre on July 20. It’s the second play
I’ve written with Lloyd Evans, a fellow journalist whom I also share
the theatre beat with at the Spectator, and I hope we’ll write
several more. Plays don’t make any money—at least, ours don’t—but
it’s tremendously good fun writing them and putting them on. One of
the best things about playwriting is that the author is king. The
director literally can’t change a word without the writer’s consent.
That’s very different from the movie business, obviously, and that’s
one of the reasons successful screenwriters are so well paid—it’s a
way of compensating them for being so incredibly disrespected. As one
screenwriter said about working for the Hollywood studios: “They ruin
your stories. They trample on your pride. They massacre your ideas.
And what do you get for it? A fortune.”

mediabistro: What is the state of book publishing—best and worst thing about the
industry right now?

Young: It’s a winner-take-all economy. If you’re in the winner’s enclosure,
that’s great, obviously, but if you’re not, it’s terrible. The number
of authors who actually make a living from book-writing in the United
States—and I’m talking about proper books, rather than text books—
is less than 200. As a career choice, writing books is about as
rational as playing the New York Lottery. Still, there are
compensations. You get to describe yourself as a “published author”
at parties and prestigious Web sites solicit your opinions about stuff.

 

“I write down
every juicy piece of gossip I hear, particularly about celebrities. I
can’t publish any of it now because of the libel laws—it’s all
rumor and hearsay, obviously—but if I wait for the subjects to
shuffle off their mortal coils, I’ll be fine.”

 

mediabistro: How long can you make a living going places, then being cast out?
At a
certain point, will you have to live in a cave?

Young: I think I have one more memoir in me, then I’m going to wait 25
years, and start publishing my diaries. Otherwise, as you say, I’d
have to live in a cave. The great thing about the diary form is that
you really can burn all your bridges there because you’re so close to
death by the time they’re published that you’ve got nothing to lose.

I started keeping a diary four years ago and I think I’ve already
accumulated enough material for at least one volume. I write down
every juicy piece of gossip I hear, particularly about celebrities. I
can’t publish any of it now because of the libel laws—it’s all
rumor and hearsay, obviously—but if I wait for the subjects to
shuffle off their mortal coils, I’ll be fine. You can’t libel the
dead. Or, rather, you can, but they can’t sue you for it. As Mae West
said, “Keep a diary and some day it’ll keep you.”

mediabistro: The current obsession with celebrities was just picking up steam
when
you came to New York as a journalist in the mid-90’s- does the fact that
popular culture is fixated on celebs these days make your life/job any
easier, considering your area of expertise (pissing off big names, then
documenting it)?

Young: I’m interested in celebrities as a collective group but I can’t
muster much interest in individual celebrities any more. They all
tend to blend into one another. Like most other journalists, I’m
waiting with bated breath for the public to turn on the celebrity
class, but every time you think people’s interest in them must have
peaked, it then increases exponentially. Indeed, I think it might even
be possible to come up with a similar rule to the one about
microprocessor speed: the number of column inches about celebrities
in the national press doubles every 18 months. One of my long-term
projects is a novel called Starmaggedon about a dystopian future in
which celebrities have become the underclass. Realistically, though,
I don’t think that’s going to happen for a very long time.

mediabistro: With the focus on family life in your latest book, and the
associated revelations, some might accuse you of going soft. Share
a recent story/anecdote to the contrary.

Young: One story that isn’t in the book is that a day after my first child
was born I waited for my wife and baby to fall asleep and then crept
out of the house and went to a party. Unfortunately, for the rest of
the evening I kept bumping into my wife’s friends, all of whom asked
what on earth I was doing out drinking given that Caroline had had a
baby 24 hours earlier. I managed to sneak back into the house without
waking up my wife, but the following day all her friends called her
to tell her they’d seen me out the night before. My marriage still
hasn’t recovered from that.

**

Rebecca L. Fox is mediabistro’s features editor.

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Interviews
Entertainment

Epic Runtime, Epic Returns: The Most Successful Long Movies Ever Made

Epic Runtime, Epic Returns: The Most Successful Long Movies Ever Made
By Brianna Zigler
13 min read • Originally published April 26, 2024 / Updated March 19, 2026
By Brianna Zigler
13 min read • Originally published April 26, 2024 / Updated March 19, 2026

The most successful long movies of all time

A recent debate has made its way around the internet about whether audiences should be forced to sit through movies that are over three hours long. At the end of the day, defenders of such lengthy cinematic experiences might suggest that some people should simply avoid films they know they don’t have the patience to endure.

Despite the arduous running time of many blockbusters and meditative indie films, long movies aren’t a recent phenomenon—epics, especially of the historical and biblical variety, used to be far more recurrent until the “Cleopatra” disaster of 1963 (which will be detailed, in part, on this list).

Sometimes the movie calls for a long running time because that is the nature of the story being told, whether that’s wrapping up numerous character arcs of a multisaga franchise like the conclusion to Phase 1 of the Marvel Cinematic Universe in “Avengers: Endgame”; attempting to impart the legacy of a near-mythic historical figure as with “Oppenheimer”; or simply because the director can, and wants to, stretch out a story as much as possible and show off awe-inspiring tech in the process, like in Peter Jackson’s “King Kong” remake.

Some of the most successful films of 2025 have been on the longer side. “Sinners,” which raked in over $366 million worldwide and earned plenty of awards buzz in the process, runs 2 hours and 17 minutes—quite long for a vampire movie, though it’s about more than just that. And Paul Thomas Anderson’s “One Battle After Another,” while not quite the same box-office juggernaut, is even longer at two hours and 42 minutes, and is being called a Best Picture frontrunner. Recent years have shown that audiences are not put off by long movies, and critics and awards bodies certainly aren’t either. Consider that in 2025, the 3.5-hour “The Brutalist” picked up multiple Academy Awards.

Nowadays, there’s no specific correlation between the length of a movie and how it performs; while we may once have associated long running times with inaccessible arthouse fare, plenty of superhero movies and other genre films have learned how to keep butts in seats for upwards of three hours, with nary an intermission in sight.

To see which long movies throughout history have been the biggest hits, Stacker looked at the box-office performance of all feature films over three hours long on The Numbers and ranked the top 20 by United States domestic box-office earnings. IMDb user ratings and Metacritic scores were provided for context on popular and critical reception.

Think you have the patience for these 20 films? Keep reading to discover more about the most successful long movies in cinematic history.

#20. Gandhi (1982)

– Director: Richard Attenborough
– Domestic box office: $52.77 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 11 minutes
– IMDb user rating: 8.0
– Metascore: 79

For some biographical dramas, the subject in question is larger than life and difficult to depict within the more concise confines of a 90-minute run time. Such is the case of the life and legacy of Indian civil rights leader Mahatma Gandhi, in Richard Attenborough’s sprawling, Academy Award-winning film. The feature was Attenborough’s passion project, but it had been shelved and resurrected a number of times with different directors between the ’50s and ’70s, before finally beginning shooting in 1981. Despite lasting over three hours in run time, the film received overwhelmingly positive critical and audience response.

#19. The Godfather Part II (1974)

– Director: Francis Ford Coppola
– Domestic box office: $57.3 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 22 minutes
– IMDb user rating: 9.0
– Metascore: 90

Part of the reason for the long run time of the sequel to “The Godfather” has to do with the fact that the film is both a sequel and a prequel, detailing the rise of young Vito Corleone and the fall of his son, Michael. Director Francis Ford Coppola also received complete creative control over this film as opposed to “The Godfather,” so he was able to be a bit more self-indulgent. Despite some initial critical reticence to his lengthy, cross-cutting narrative approach, the film fared well at the box office on a budget of only $13 million.

#18. Cleopatra (1963)

– Directors: Joseph L. Mankiewicz, Rouben Mamoulian
– Domestic box office: $57.78 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 12 minutes
– IMDb user rating: 7.0
– Metascore: 60

The gratuitous run time of “Cleopatra” is fitting when considering the extreme infamy of its catastrophic production. A massively inflated budget, major on-set hazards, script changes, the near-fatal illness of star Elizabeth Taylor, and the affair between Taylor and co-star Richard Burton, all coalesced into a disaster of epic proportions, one which matches the bloated epic of its screenplay.

Some believe that the film—a biographical drama chronicling the life and rule of the famous Egyptian queen—essentially killed off big-budget epics, despite the fact that it ended up as the biggest hit of 1963. Nevertheless, with how much the budget was exceeded—$5 million set, but at least $35 million in reality—the film was still a loss for the studio.

#17. JFK (1991)

– Director: Oliver Stone
– Domestic box office: $70.41 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 9 minutes
– IMDb user rating: 8.0
– Metascore: 72

A film centered on a conspiracy as compelling as the JFK assassination is bound to be both overlong and also gripping, as is the case with Oliver Stone’s “JFK.” It also makes sense as to why the film, despite being in excess of three hours, still managed to be such a hit with audiences: It unleashed further fixation on one of the biggest American conspiracy theories of all time. Stylistically and narratively ambitious, the screenplay is ultimately broken into four chapters. Stone initially hoped “JFK” would be more than 4 ½ hours and double the original budget, but he was able to trim it down to a slightly more digestible length.

#16. Ben-Hur (1959)

– Director: William Wyler
– Domestic box office: $74.7 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 32 minutes
– IMDb user rating: 8.1
– Metascore: 90

Religious and historical epics were all the rage during the early and middle parts of the 20th century (before the disaster of “Cleopatra”)—so much so that not only was the 3 ½-hour “Ben-Hur” the highest-grossing film at the 1959 box office, but it is still one of the highest-grossing films of all time (after adjusting for inflation). The film’s $15 million budget at the time was the largest ever for a film and boasted the largest sets ever produced. The chariot race sequence remains to this day an impressive and meticulous piece of filmmaking.

#15. Fiddler on the Roof (1971)

– Director: Norman Jewison
– Domestic box office: $80.5 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 1 minute
– IMDb user rating: 8.0
– Metascore: 67

Musical films based on stage plays can often be as long as the source material they’re adapted from—and the film adaptation of “Fiddler on the Roof” was no different. Musical numbers take up a lot of extra time (just part of why many Bollywood films tend to be so long). And while audiences today, allegedly, don’t have patience for any musical films—let alone ones over three hours—a laborious run time did not dissuade audiences from showing up for “Fiddler.” The film grossed over $80 million worldwide on a budget of only $9 million to become the second-highest-grossing film of 1971.

#14. The Ten Commandments (1956)

– Director: Cecil B. DeMille
– Domestic box office: $93.74 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 40 minutes
– IMDb user rating: 7.9
– Metascore: data not available

When a film is designated as an “epic,” that usually means most, if not all, aspects of production are going to be grand in proportion—and that absolutely includes run time. Cecil B. DeMille’s mid-century classic clocked in at nearly four hours in length, which ultimately feels apt for the monumental story of this biblical tale. The film even features one of the largest exterior sets ever used in a motion picture, on top of including a groundbreaking piece of early special effects trickery.

#13. Schindler’s List (1993)

– Director: Steven Spielberg
– Domestic box office: $96.9 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 15 minutes
– IMDb user rating: 9.0
– Metascore: 95

Steven Spielberg undertook quite a creative burden by attempting to do justice to the story of Oskar Schindler, whose real-life acts of salvation for Jewish people during the Holocaust were dramatized in the 1982 novel titled “Schindler’s Ark.” Adapted and renamed as “Schindler’s List,” the epic historical drama gripped audiences and critics, and was a critical and commercial smash—going on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. However, some objected to the content of the film; Claude Lanzmann, the director of the nine-hour Holocaust documentary “Shoah,” felt it was a transgression to fictionalize such atrocities.

#12. Doctor Zhivago (1965)

– Director: David Lean
– Domestic box office: $111.72 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 17 minutes
– IMDb user rating: 7.9
– Metascore: 69

David Lean’s sweeping historical romance adapts Boris Pasternak’s 1957 novel of the same name—the story of a physician and poet during the Russian Civil War who bears an everlasting love to a woman with whom he reunites years later after he’s already married. The film was actually criticized at the time of its release for its nearly 3 ½-hour run time, but that didn’t prevent audiences from seeing the film. To this day, “Doctor Zhivago” continues to be one of the highest-grossing movies of all time (after being adjusted for inflation). So, it all worked out for this film that endured a particularly painstaking production process, lasting nearly a year.

#11. The Wolf of Wall Street (2013)

– Director: Martin Scorsese
– Domestic box office: $116.9 million
– Run time: 3 hours
– IMDb user rating: 8.2
– Metascore: 75

Though he’s not a stranger to a standard two-hour movie, Martin Scorsese has become known for his excessive run times, with many of his most famous works clocking in at well over 2 ½ hours. But his most successful long movie—and his highest-grossing ever—is “The Wolf of Wall Street,” an opulent film to match the life of its subject: New York City con artist Jordan Belfort, a corrupt stockbroker whose heyday during the late 1980s and early ’90s led to his ultimate downfall and stint in prison. The length of the film works in tandem with Belfort’s life, which was self-indulgent, hedonistic, and deeply tasteless; in the end, audiences, critics, and awards bodies simply couldn’t get enough of it.

#10. The Green Mile (1999)

– Director: Frank Darabont
– Domestic box office: $136.8 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 9 minutes
– IMDb user rating: 8.6
– Metascore: 61

Based on Stephen King’s novel of the same name, “The Green Mile” tells the story of a death row prison guard who meets a physically foreboding man with a gentle demeanor who’s been accused of double homicide—and who also seems to possess otherworldly gifts. Despite the fantasy drama’s run time of over three hours, the screenplay only took director Frank Darabont eight weeks to write. “The Green Mile” was a crowd-pleaser and was nominated for multiple awards, including four Oscars; though it did receive some criticism for its length from critics at the time.

#9. Dances with Wolves (1990)

– Director: Kevin Costner
– Domestic box office: $184.21 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 1 minute
– IMDb user rating: 8.0
– Metascore: 72

The story of a Union Army lieutenant finding acceptance, family, and love with members of the Lakota nation won moviegoers over back in 1990. “Dances with Wolves” was a box office hit, becoming the third-highest-grossing film of the year and garnering a whopping 12 Academy Award nominations, winning seven. However, the film did face an uphill battle getting greenlit, as the Western genre was long dead and the screenplay was, obviously, lengthy. Director and star Kevin Costner and co-producer Jim Wilson managed to strike a deal with Orion Pictures and get their film made, run time notwithstanding.

#8. Pearl Harbor (2001)

– Director: Michael Bay
– Domestic box office: $198.54 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 3 minutes
– IMDb user rating: 6.2
– Metascore: 44

This highly fictionalized account of the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 is stretched out by a romance narrative set before, during, and after the tragic attack. While the film won out at the box office, it was scrutinized by critics for everything from the story to the historical inaccuracies, to the dialogue, pacing, and, yes, the unwieldy three-hour run time. But “Pearl Harbor,” which was directed by Michael Bay, also had an unwieldy production process; former Disney chairman Dick Cook considered it “one of the most difficult shoots of modern history.”

#7. Gone with the Wind (1939)

– Directors: Victor Fleming, George Cukor, Sam Wood
– Domestic box office: $198.68 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 58 minutes
– IMDb user rating: 8.2
– Metascore: 97

The longest run time on this list goes to none other than “Gone with the Wind,” the epic historical romance picture that remains, to this day, the highest-grossing film of all time after adjusting for inflation. It’s clear that the nearly four-hour run time did not deter audiences in 1939 from seeing “Gone with the Wind” in droves, although critics at the time did take issue with that laborious aspect. As if to parallel its length, the film’s production was an equally massive undertaking, taking three years, multiple directors, and a daunting casting process to finally translate Margaret Mitchell’s novel to the silver screen.

#6. King Kong (2005)

– Director: Peter Jackson
– Domestic box office: $218.08 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 7 minutes
– IMDb user rating: 7.2
– Metascore: 81

It should come as no surprise that a director like Peter Jackson took a classic film under two hours in length and stretched it to over three hours; the filmmaker behind “The Lord of the Rings” trilogy knows a thing or two about world-building. For one, Jackson fleshed out the fictional setting of Skull Island, and with that came extensive use of CGI, special effects, elaborate set pieces, and more of the motion-capture technology seen in “Lord of the Rings” (Andy Serkis, who played Gollum in the Tolkien trilogy, provided the movements for Kong).

While many critics praised the film for its spectacle, some did take issue with its length: Charlie Brooker of The Guardian called it “three hours long and rubbish.”

#5. Oppenheimer (2023)

– Director: Christopher Nolan
– Domestic box office: $326.11 million
– Run time: 3 hours
– IMDb user rating: 8.3
– Metascore: 90

The initial prospect of a three-hour biographical drama about the father of the atomic bomb seemed dicey in the months leading up to the release of Christopher Nolan’s “Oppenheimer.” But to doubt the power of Nolan, who isn’t exactly known for making brief pictures, is a foolish endeavor. Not only is he one of the most consistently successful mainstream auteurs, but his behemoth of a film got an added boost with the “Barbenheimer” double-feature frenzy in the summer of 2023, all leading to an Academy Award sweep including Best Picture.

The run time has partly to do with the kind of meticulous filmmaker Nolan is; he shot the film using multiple formats and implemented impressive practical effects for the Trinity test. The result manages to move at a brisk clip, thanks in part to Oscar-winning editor Jennifer Lame.

#4. The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)

– Director: Peter Jackson
– Domestic box office: $377.85 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 21 minutes
– IMDb user rating: 9.0
– Metascore: 94

Nine-plus hours in total length is possibly not enough time to tell the epic saga of Frodo and the One Ring from J.R.R. Tolkien’s classic series, but Peter Jackson did a more-than-solid job nevertheless. Out of the three films, each adapted from one book of the trilogy, “The Return of the King” had the longest run time at nearly 3 ½ hours—but that did not deter audiences.

The movie not only did gangbusters at the box office, but it also secured numerous Oscars, including a win for Jackson in the Best Director category and the coveted Best Picture award. On top of Tolkien’s novels being such rich material to work with, the “Lord of the Rings” films have become well known for their lavish and lengthy productions, replete with practical effects, groundbreaking CGI, and complex set pieces.

#3. Titanic (1997)

– Director: James Cameron
– Domestic box office: $659.33 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 14 minutes
– IMDb user rating: 7.9
– Metascore: 75

To say that James Cameron goes all in on his productions is maybe an understatement. Though he’s known for his epic scales, “Titanic” is Cameron’s longest film (beating out “Avatar: The Way of Water” by only two minutes) due to the sheer size of the ever-increasing budget and Cameron’s unwillingness to cut anything. That $200 million budget ultimately went to the grand proportions of Cameron’s filmmaking, the visual effects, lavish sets, the number of extras, and the ballooned shooting schedule, which shot up to 160 days. In the end, the risk of such gargantuan proportions paid off, leading to Oscar glory and a special place in the annals of Hollywood and pop culture history.

#2. Avatar: The Way of Water (2022)

– Director: James Cameron
– Domestic box office: $659.68 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 12 minutes
– IMDb user rating: 7.6
– Metascore: 67

More than a decade after the smash success of “Avatar,” James Cameron returned with a bigger, even longer sequel because a world as immersive as that of Pandora can only be told over three-plus hours. In this case, Cameron’s lengthy, lovingly crafted story is further facilitated by breathtaking CGI, enormous set pieces, and painstaking performance capture technology; all told, the film took five years to make. Speaking about the long run time to Empire magazine, Cameron had no patience for impatience: “I don’t want anybody whining about length when they sit and binge-watch [television] for eight hours.”

#1. Avengers: Endgame (2019)

– Directors: Anthony Russo, Joe Russo
– Domestic box office: $858.37 million
– Run time: 3 hours and 1 minute
– IMDb user rating: 8.4
– Metascore: 78

The epic conclusion to the first phase of the Marvel Cinematic Universe wasn’t deserving of just one three-hour movie: it took more than five hours combined, via the two-parter “Infinity War” and “Endgame,” to conclude the saga of “Iron Man” and “The Avengers.” “Endgame” is the longer of the two films by about half an hour, but that run time didn’t deter fans from making the film one of the biggest blockbusters of all time.

The fact that “Endgame” had to wrap up the arcs of several crucial MCU characters definitely played a part in how long the film needed to be. Coupled with large-scale CGI, IMAX digital cameras, and special effects (including over 200 de-aging or aging shots), the film is actually one of the most expensive ever produced.

Data reporting by Luke Hicks. Story editing by Cynthia Rebolledo. Copy editing by Tim Bruns. 

Topics:

Entertainment
Entertainment

The Greatest Animated Blockbusters of All Time, Ranked

The Greatest Animated Blockbusters of All Time, Ranked
By Cynthia Rebolledo
8 min read • Originally published May 23, 2024 / Updated March 19, 2026
By Cynthia Rebolledo
8 min read • Originally published May 23, 2024 / Updated March 19, 2026

Best animated blockbusters of all time

Animated movies have evolved significantly over the years, transcending their initial reputation as merely children’s entertainment to powerful storytelling vehicles with wide-reaching appeal. From the hand-drawn classics of Disney’s golden age to the cutting-edge CGI of today, animated films have continually pushed the boundaries of creativity, technology, and emotional resonance. Just look at “Flow,” the tiny Latvian film that became the first independent animated movie to win a Best Animated Feature Oscar when it triumphed at the 2025 Academy Awards. The filmmakers told a dialogue-free but moving story on their own terms; now they will “open doors to independent animation filmmakers around the world,” as the director said at the Oscars ceremony.

Even so, the evolution in animation is happening across the board, including within major studios and streamers. June 2025 saw the splashy premiere of Netflix’s “K-Pop: Demon Hunters,” praised by critics and audiences alike for its innovative animation style. The film was such a streaming phenomenon that Netflix brought it to theaters in August 2025 and earned $18 million. Disney is banking on a bigger box-office take for “Zootopia 2,” which hits theaters on Nov. 26, 2025, nine years after the first “Zootopia” explored themes of prejudice and societal inequality. In contemporary animation, big ideas are often at play, which haven’t stopped the genre from being big business.

When it comes to grosses, Disney and Pixar movies tend to stand out above the rest. “Toy Story,” Pixar’s feature film, netted nearly $250 million worldwide—and that’s not counting its latest theatrical rerelease, which began on Sept. 12, 2025. The “Toy Story” franchise has raked in an astounding $3.2 billion. But beyond their box-office success, these films have also played a pivotal role in shaping the animation industry. With each technological advancement and creative breakthrough, animators have pushed the boundaries of what is possible, inspiring new generations of storytellers and innovators. From pioneering techniques like Walt Disney’s multiplane camera to the revolutionary use of computer-generated imagery in films like “Toy Story,” animated movies continue to redefine cinematic storytelling possibilities.

Needless to say, animated movies have come a long way since their humble frame-by-frame beginnings, evolving into a diverse and influential art form that resonates with audiences. Whether exploring the depths of human emotion or celebrating cultural traditions, these films have left an indelible mark on moviegoers, the animation industry, and popular culture.

To explore the best animated blockbuster films of all time, Stacker collected data on all animated feature films and ranked the top 2 according to IMDb user ratings. Ties were broken by IMDb user votes. According to The Numbers, to qualify as a blockbuster for the list, the film had to collect at least nine figures at the worldwide box office. Metascores are provided for critical context.

Here are the best animated blockbusters of all time.

#20. Shrek (2001)

– Directors: Andrew Adamson, Vicky Jenson
– IMDb user rating: 7.9
– Metascore: 84
– Worldwide box office: $492.2 million
– Runtime: 90 minutes

This wildly successful CGI comedy follows the titular ogre as he embarks on a quest with his wisecracking donkey to rescue Princess Fiona, blending humor, adventure, and heartwarming moments. “Shrek” became a cultural phenomenon upon its release for its irreverent take on fairy tale tropes, spawning multiple sequels and spinoffs.

#19. Aladdin (1992)

– Directors: Ron Clements, John Musker
– IMDb user rating: 8
– Metascore: 86
– Worldwide box office: $504.1 million
– Runtime: 90 minutes

“Aladdin” tells the story of a young, streetwise urchin who comes upon a magical lamp containing a genie who grants him three wishes. The vibrant animation remains a beloved classic for its memorable music and Robin Williams’ iconic performance as the shapeshifting Genie.

#18. Zootopia (2016)

– Directors: Byron Howard, Rich Moore, Jared Bush
– IMDb user rating: 8
– Metascore: 78
– Worldwide box office: $1 billion
– Runtime: 108 minutes

In “Zootopia,” a determined bunny cop teams up with a sly fox to solve a mysterious case involving missing predators in a bustling metropolis inhabited by anthropomorphic animals. The film’s timely themes of humanity, tolerance, inclusion, and overcoming prejudices won “Zootopia” the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, solidifying its impact on both audiences and the animation industry.

#17. The Incredibles (2004)

– Director: Brad Bird
– IMDb user rating: 8
– Metascore: 90
– Worldwide box office: $631.4 million
– Runtime: 115 minutes

“The Incredibles” follows a family of superheroes who must come out of retirement to save the world from a villainous threat. Earning praise for its unique take on the superhero genre, “The Incredibles” won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.

#16. Inside Out (2015)

– Directors: Pete Docter, Ronnie Del Carmen
– IMDb user rating: 8.1
– Metascore: 94
– Worldwide box office: $850.5 million
– Runtime: 95 minutes

“Inside Out” delves into the inner workings of a young girl’s mind as her emotions —Joy, Sadness, Anger, Fear, and Disgust—navigate the challenges of growing up. The Pixar film resonated with audiences of all ages and received acclaim for its poignant exploration of mental health and emotional well-being.

#15. How to Train Your Dragon (2010)

– Directors: Dean DeBlois, Chris Sanders
– IMDb user rating: 8.1
– Metascore: 75
– Worldwide box office: $494.9 million
– Runtime: 98 minutes

“How to Train Your Dragon” centers around a young Viking named Hiccup who befriends a dragon and embarks on a journey to change his village’s perception of the creatures. The film captivated audiences and spawned a successful franchise, inspiring viewers with its themes of courage and understanding.

#14. Ratatouille (2007)

– Directors: Brad Bird, Jan Pinkava
– IMDb user rating: 8.1
– Metascore: 96
– Worldwide box office: $626.5 million
– Runtime: 111 minutes

“Ratatouille” serves up a delightful tale about a rat named Remy who hopes to become a chef and follows his culinary pursuits by forming an unlikely bond with a young kitchen worker. The film’s mouthwatering animation received critical acclaim for its creativity and charm, inspiring audiences to embrace their own culinary adventures.

#13. Monsters, Inc. (2001)

– Directors: Pete Docter, David Silverman, Lee Unkrich
– IMDb user rating: 8.1
– Metascore: 79
– Worldwide box office: $560.4 million
– Runtime: 92 minutes

“Monsters, Inc.” delighted audiences with the adventures of two monsters working at a power plant that generates energy by scaring human children. The adventure begins when a human child arrives in their realm and turns their world upside down. The 2001 film earned praise for its imaginative premise, originality, and heartwarming story.

#12. Finding Nemo (2003)

– Directors: Andrew Stanton, Lee Unkrich
– IMDb user rating: 8.2
– Metascore: 90
– Worldwide box office: $936.1 million
– Runtime: 100 minutes

In this stunning underwater animation, a clownfish named Marlin journies across the ocean to rescue his son, who was taken by a scuba diver and kept in a fish tank at the dentist’s office. The film’s heartfelt story, pioneering visuals, and realistic computer-generated animation won the film an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.

#11. Princess Mononoke (1997)

– Director: Hayao Miyazaki
– IMDb user rating: 8.3
– Metascore: 76
– Worldwide box office: $150.4 million
– Runtime: 134 minutes

“Princess Mononoke” transported viewers to medieval Japan, where a young prince becomes embroiled in a struggle between the forces of nature and humankind. This breathtaking animation earned acclaim for its epic storytelling, mature themes, and complex characters.

#10. Toy Story 3 (2010)

– Director: Lee Unkrich
– IMDb user rating: 8.3
– Metascore: 92
– Worldwide box office: $1.1 billion
– Runtime: 103 minutes

In “Toy Story 3,” Woody, Buzz, and the rest of the toys must grapple with the challenges of growing up—facing an uncertain future as their owner prepares to leave for college. The movie tugged at audiences’ heartstrings for its emotional depth and poignant exploration of themes like friendship and nostalgia.

#9. Toy Story (1995)

– Director: John Lasseter
– IMDb user rating: 8.3
– Metascore: 96
– Worldwide box office: $365.3 million
– Runtime: 81 minutes

“Toy Story” introduced audiences to Woody, a pull-string cowboy doll, and Buzz Lightyear, a space ranger action figure, who must overcome their differences to escape the clutches of a toy-destroying neighbor. “Toy Story” revolutionized the animation industry with its groundbreaking use of CGI and heartfelt storytelling.

#8. Up (2009)

– Directors: Pete Docter, Bob Peterson
– IMDb user rating: 8.3
– Metascore: 88
– Worldwide box office: $731.5 million
– Runtime: 96 minutes

In “Up,” an elderly widower fulfills his late wife’s lifelong dream of exploring South America by tying thousands of balloons to his house and embarking on a journey filled with unexpected adventures. Touching the hearts and minds of audiences of all ages, “Up” became the first animated film to open the Cannes Film Festival.

#7. Your Name. (2016)

– Director: Makoto Shinkai
– IMDb user rating: 8.4
– Metascore: 81
– Worldwide box office: $347.6 million
– Runtime: 106 minutes

This beautifully animated tale follows two teenagers who mysteriously swap bodies. Despite never meeting in person, they embark on a quest to unravel the secrets behind their extraordinary connection. “Your Name.” became a cultural phenomenon in Japan and garnered international acclaim for its universal themes of love and fate.

#6. Coco (2017)

– Directors: Lee Unkrich, Adrian Molina
– IMDb user rating: 8.4
– Metascore: 81
– Worldwide box office: $796.5 million
– Runtime: 105 minutes

In this animated Pixar flick, a young boy named Miguel ventures through the Land of the Dead to learn the truth behind his family’s history and pursue his passion for music. “Coco” earned acclaim for its celebration of Mexican culture, traditions, and emotional resonance honoring loved ones with its vibrant portrayal of Día de los Muertos. In 2018, the film secured the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and Best Original Song.

#5. Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018)

– Directors: Bob Persichetti, Peter Ramsey, Rodney Rothman
– IMDb user rating: 8.4
– Metascore: 87
– Worldwide box office: $375.5 million
– Runtime: 117 minutes

“Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse” swung into theaters with its groundbreaking animation style and diverse representation, introducing audiences to a new iteration of Spider-Man, Miles Morales, joining forces with other Spider-People from different dimensions to protect New York City from a threat that could destroy all reality. The film won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, setting a new standard for superhero storytelling.

#4. WALL·E (2008)

– Director: Andrew Stanton
– IMDb user rating: 8.4
– Metascore: 95
– Worldwide box office: $532.5 million
– Runtime: 98 minutes

“WALL·E” charmed audiences with its tale of a lonely robot tasked with cleaning up a deserted, garbage-filled Earth who discovers a new purpose and embarks on a journey through space to save humanity. The film’s minimal dialogue and environmental themes earned “WALL·E” praise for its innovative storytelling and poignant message about the importance of preserving the planet for future generations.

#3. The Lion King (1994)

– Directors: Roger Allers, Rob Minkoff
– IMDb user rating: 8.5
– Metascore: 88
– Worldwide box office: $986.2 million
– Runtime: 88 minutes

“The Lion King” roared into theaters with its epic tale of a young lion prince named Simba learning about responsibility, loss, and identity while restoring his rightful role as king of the Pride Lands. The movie’s iconic characters, memorable music, and stunning animation remain one of Disney’s most beloved classics—inspiring a Broadway musical, Jon Favreau’s 2019 remake, and the 2024 prequel, “Mufasa: The Lion King.”

#2. Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (2023)

– Directors: Joaquim Dos Santos, Kemp Powers, Justin K. Thompson
– IMDb user rating: 8.6
– Metascore: 86
– Worldwide box office: $681.2 million
– Runtime: 140 minutes

A testament to the enduring legacy of everyone’s favorite web-slinger, “Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse” continues the story of Miles Morales as he navigates the multiverse and encounters new challenges and allies from different dimensions. A sequel to the 2018 Oscar-winning “Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse,” the new installment follows Miles’ growth as he grapples with the responsibilities of being a superhero.

#1. Spirited Away (2001)

– Director: Hayao Miyazaki
– IMDb user rating: 8.6
– Metascore: 96
– Worldwide box office: $383.9 million
– Runtime: 125 minutes

“Spirited Away” follows a young girl who finds herself trapped in a mysterious, supernatural realm and must navigate a series of fantastical encounters to rescue her parents and return home. In 2003, the Japanese blockbuster won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, establishing director Hayao Miyazaki’s status as a master storyteller and becoming the first non-English-language movie to win the award.

Story editing by Carren Jao. Copy editing by Paris Close.

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The Worst Movies of the 1980s: Hollywood’s Biggest Misses

The Worst Movies of the 1980s: Hollywood’s Biggest Misses
By Charlotte Barnett
18 min read • Originally published October 21, 2024 / Updated March 19, 2026
By Charlotte Barnett
18 min read • Originally published October 21, 2024 / Updated March 19, 2026

Worst movies of the ’80s

The 1980s began with the election of President Ronald Reagan, and the new administration’s policies launched the country into an era of excess. From the malls to the shoulder pads and hairstyles, everything got bigger in the ’80s as the country waved farewell to the days of free love and disco that defined the preceding decades.

In the movie industry, the 1970s “New Hollywood” era inaugurated the careers of auteurs like Martin Scorsese and Francis Ford Coppola. However, the decade trickled out with the popularity of crowd-pleasers like “Jaws” and “Star Wars,” and the 1980s became the decade of action movies, blockbusters, and never-ending sequels. For instance, original action movies like the first “Rambo” film, “First Blood,” quickly became beloved hits. Meanwhile, follow-ups like “Rambo III” exasperated many critics.

Decades later, the ’80s lives on in new takes on old properties. That includes movies that were not very well regarded at the time, like 1982’s “Tron” and 1987’s “The Running Man.” Both got new installments in 2025, but while Edgar Wright’s “The Running Man” was a slight improvement on its predecessor, “Tron: Ares” got worse reviews than the original. Of course, only some bad ’80s movies experience continued interest. Others have been completely forgotten to time.

To find those forgettable films and some iconic stinkers, Stacker used data from IMDb to rank the worst movies of the 1980s—some loathed, some loved, and some loathed and loved simultaneously. The rankings are based on user reviews—the lower the rating, the worse the film, ranking it higher on the list. In the case of a tie, the movie with more user votes ranks higher on the list. These films have at least 25,000 user votes and were released between 1980 and 1989. Each movie’s Metascore is provided for critical context but does not impact the ranking.

Read on to learn which ’80s movies are the worst of the worst.

#50. Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives (1986)

– IMDb user rating: 6.0
– IMDb user votes: 52.5K
– Metascore: 30
– Run time: 86 minutes

Described as a “gory waste of time” by then-New York Times critic Caryn James, the sixth film in the “Friday the 13th” franchise sees villain Jason Voorhees accidentally revived from the dead and set on a new path of terror. Though the installment has a 53% on Rotten Tomatoes, “Jason Lives” maintains a number of fans and a few defensive critics. Among them, Trace Thurman of the “Horror Queers” podcast applauds director Tom McLoughlin’s “tongue-in-cheek approach.”

#49. Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter (1984)

– IMDb user rating: 6.0
– IMDb user votes: 60.7K
– Metascore: 33
– Run time: 91 minutes

Notably not the final chapter, “Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter” is only the fourth of 12 films in the franchise. The plot may sound familiar: Jason Voorhees, thought to be dead, goes on yet another rampant killing spree. While the film garnered mostly negative reviews, including a pan on “Siskel & Ebert” where critic Roger Ebert describes the film as an “immoral and reprehensible piece of trash,” Kyle Anderson of Entertainment Weekly actually ranked the film as the best in the franchise in 2023.

#48. Firefox (1982)

– IMDb user rating: 5.9
– IMDb user votes: 29.6K
– Metascore: 44
– Run time: 136 minutes

Clint Eastwood directs and stars in “Firefox,” which centers on a retired Air Force pilot’s mission to steal a dangerous jet fighter prototype from the Soviet Union. Based on a popular 1977 novel by Craig Thomas, the adaptation was widely ill-received. In The New York Times, critic Vincent Canby called the film “a James Bond movie without girls, a Superman movie without a sense of humor.”

#47. 9½ Weeks (1986)

– IMDb user rating: 5.9
– IMDb user votes: 44.4K
– Metascore: 50
– Run time: 117 minutes

Known for its steamier scenes, “9½ Weeks” features Mickey Rourke and Kim Basinger playing strangers-turned-lovers who face obstacles amidst their ongoing sexual exploits. With mixed reviews, including praise from Roger Ebert, the film ended up doing quite well as a home video release. This didn’t stop the film from receiving three Golden Raspberry Award nominations, including Worst Actress for Basinger.

#46. Conan the Destroyer (1984)

– IMDb user rating: 5.9
– IMDb user votes: 86.5K
– Metascore: 53
– Run time: 103 minutes

Starring Arnold Schwarzenegger as the titular character, the action epic “Conan the Destroyer” follows Conan as he escorts a virgin princess to retrieve a jeweled horn (because it’s her destiny, of course). The sequel to “Conan the Barbarian,” the film has garnered a mostly negative reception amongst fans and critics. However, critics like Roger Ebert liked the movie, describing it as “funnier” and “more entertaining” than its predecessor.

#45. Look Who’s Talking (1989)

– IMDb user rating: 5.9
– IMDb user votes: 87.7K
– Metascore: 51
– Run time: 93 minutes

Directed by Amy Heckerling, “Look Who’s Talking” casts Bruce Willis as the narrating voice of baby Mikey, whose single mother (Kirstie Alley) develops a relationship with a charming taxi driver (John Travolta). The film grossed more than $140 million at the box office and spawned two sequels despite a mixed critical response, which included a Washington Post review saying that the movie’s concept “might have made a brilliant short” at best.

#44. Cocktail (1988)

– IMDb user rating: 5.9
– IMDb user votes: 93.2K
– Metascore: 12
– Run time: 104 minutes

In this Tom Cruise classic, the Hollywood icon plays a New York City bartender who takes a gig in Jamaica only to find himself falling in love with an artist (Elisabeth Shue). Despite being a box office success, the film was generally poorly reviewed and won Worst Picture and Worst Screenplay at the Razzie Awards.

#43. Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers (1988)

– IMDb user rating: 5.8
– IMDb user votes: 59.6K
– Metascore: 34
– Run time: 88 minutes

Michael Myers returns to Haddonfield to hunt down his niece in this fourth installment of the “Halloween” franchise. The sequel did not dazzle critics. Writing for Empire in 2000, Kim Newman called the film “stupid, unscary, and plodding.” Still, “Halloween” fans remained loyal, and the film grossed nearly $18 million at the box office.

#42. Police Academy 2: Their First Assignment (1985)

– IMDb user rating: 5.8
– IMDb user votes: 60.2K
– Metascore: 39
– Run time: 87 minutes

In this sequel, the “Police Academy” troop is assigned to a new precinct and must face a troublesome gang on the streets of an unnamed city. Though the movie was a success at the box office, critics were generally not amused. Empire critic Ian Nathan describes the film as having a “wafer thin plot” but with a “good number of laughs”—reason enough for the franchise to spawn five subsequent films.

#41. Over the Top (1987)

– IMDb user rating: 5.8
– IMDb user votes: 60.7K
– Metascore: 40
– Run time: 93 minutes

This 1980s Sylvester Stallone vehicle centers on a trucker named Lincoln Hawk, who is determined to win an arm wrestling championship and reunite with his estranged son. The film was not received well and was nominated for three Razzie Awards, with David Mendenhall winning both Worst Supporting Actor and Worst New Star.

#40. Cannibal Holocaust (1980)

– IMDb user rating: 5.8
– IMDb user votes: 62.6K
– Metascore: 22
– Run time: 95 minutes

Controversial for its use of graphic violence, this Italian gore film follows a professor’s quest to recover the footage of a film crew who disappeared in the Amazon while documenting a cannibalistic Indigenous tribe. Reviews have been divided since the movie’s release. Slant Magazine’s Eric Henderson perhaps puts it best, saying the film is “artful enough to demand serious critical consideration, yet foul enough to christen you a pervert for even bothering.”

#39. The Blue Lagoon (1980)

– IMDb user rating: 5.8
– IMDb user votes: 78K
– Metascore: 31
– Run time: 104 minutes

Based on a 1908 novel by Henry de Vere Stacpoole, “The Blue Lagoon” sees two shipwrecked children come of age (and sexual maturity) while stranded on an island. “The Blue Lagoon” did well at the box office and made enough cultural impact to produce a 1991 sequel and a 2012 Lifetime remake. Critics were not impressed by the film, though, and Brooke Shields took home the first-ever Worst Actress Razzie Award.

#38. Cobra (1986)

– IMDb user rating: 5.8
– IMDb user votes: 80.8K
– Metascore: 25
– Run time: 87 minutes

Another Sylvester Stallone action film for the list, “Cobra” follows a cop who must protect a lone witness from a diabolical cult. Though the film scored nearly $50 million at the box office, “Cobra” was one of Stallone’s weakest releases—financially and critically—of the decade. “Cobra” was nominated for a grand total of six Razzie Awards, including Worst Actor and Worst Screenplay for Stallone.

#37. Rambo III (1988)

– IMDb user rating: 5.8
– IMDb user votes: 142K
– Metascore: 36
– Run time: 102 minutes

Stallone persists in his dominance of this list with “Rambo III.” The third movie in the “Rambo” franchise takes the titular Vietnam vet on a dangerous rescue mission to Afghanistan. Stallone nabbed the Worst Actor Razzie Award for his role in the critically panned but financially successful film.

#36. Short Circuit 2 (1988)

– IMDb user rating: 5.7
– IMDb user votes: 27.2K
– Metascore: Data not available
– Run time: 110 minutes

In this sequel, robot Johnny Five goes to New York City with scientist Ben Jahveri and must avoid being exploited by criminals. The New York Times’ Vincent Canby wrote that watching “Short Circuit 2” as an adult is “as much fun as wearing wet sneakers.”

#35. Poltergeist II: The Other Side (1986)

– IMDb user rating: 5.7
– IMDb user votes: 30.6K
– Metascore: 49
– Run time: 91 minutes

In the second installment of the “Poltergeist” series, the Freeling family moves to a new house, only to experience yet another supernatural haunting. Nina Darnton of The New York Times wrote, “The movie, like most sequels, has no reason for existing beyond the desire to duplicate a financial success.” The film pulled in about $41 million at the domestic box office and earned star Zelda Rubinstein a Razzie Award nomination for Worst Supporting Actress.

#34. Crocodile Dundee II (1988)

– IMDb user rating: 5.7
– IMDb user votes: 61.5K
– Metascore: 41
– Run time: 111 minutes

Paul Hogan returns as Mick Dundee in this sequel, which finds the Australian back in New York City, trying to protect his lover from the dangerous gangsters who have followed them. Critics were less than enthused about the follow-up film, with Janet Maslin of The New York Times saying that the sequel “lacks the sense to leave well enough alone.” “Crocodile Dundee II” did not perform quite as well as the original film at the box office, but still produced a 2001 sequel, “Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles.”

#33. The Punisher (1989)

– IMDb user rating: 5.6
– IMDb user votes: 26.4K
– Metascore: 63
– Run time: 89 minutes

Dolph Lundgren stars in this Marvel comic adaptation about a vigilante assassin known only as The Punisher, who sets out to avenge the murder of his family. Though the film initially received mixed reviews, “The Punisher” has gone on to become a cult classic. A reboot of the film was released in 2004 and a TV series premiered in 2017, running for two seasons.

#32. Raw Deal (1986)

– IMDb user rating: 5.6
– IMDb user votes: 38.4K
– Metascore: 44
– Run time: 106 minutes

In “Raw Deal,” Arnold Schwarzenegger is an ex-FBI-agent-turned-small-town-sheriff, aiding the FBI in an undercover plot to take down the Chicago mafia. Both financially and critically disappointing, the film has been repeatedly compared to Sylvester Stallone’s “Cobra.” Vincent Canby wrote in The New York Times that “Though the language is vulgar, the macho posturing absurd, and some of the plotting inscrutable, ‘Raw Deal’ has a kind of seemliness to it.”

#31. The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 (1986)

– IMDb user rating: 5.6
– IMDb user votes: 39.1K
– Metascore: 42
– Run time: 101 minutes

Though not critically well received at the time of its premiere, “The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2” has gone on to become a cult favorite like its predecessor. The sequel again has the cannibal family terrorizing an innocent. Though almost as controversial as the first film in the nine-film franchise, “The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2” failed to “outgross” the original, according to critic Roger Ebert.

#30. Children of the Corn (1984)

– IMDb user rating: 5.6
– IMDb user votes: 58.3K
– Metascore: 45
– Run time: 92 minutes

Based on Stephen King’s short story, this supernatural horror centers on a religious cult of children who hunt down two adults trapped in their rural town. Though “Children of the Corn” has certainly become a horror classic, followed by multiple remakes and sequels, the film was not critically well received. Critic Roger Ebert lambasted the film, saying by the end of it, “the only thing moving behind the rows is the audience, fleeing to the exits.”

#29. Friday the 13th: Part 3 (1982)

– IMDb user rating: 5.6
– IMDb user votes: 61.9K
– Metascore: 30
– Run time: 95 minutes

In this third installment of the “Friday the 13th” franchise, Jason Voorhees is back and once again lurking around Crystal Lake with murderous intentions. Many critics commented on the movie’s frequent use of 3D filming techniques. Slant Magazine’s Jeremiah Kipp explained that “Part 3” was “shot in such a way to capitalize on the brief fad of Reagan-era 3D movies.”

#28. A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master (1988)

– IMDb user rating: 5.6
– IMDb user votes: 62.8K
– Metascore: 56
– Run time: 93 minutes

The fourth in 10 films of the “A Nightmare on Elm Street” franchise, this sequel has villain Freddy Krueger once again infiltrating dreams, including those of a woman who might just be able to defeat him. Critics remain split on this installment, with Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times citing it as the best in the series and Time Out deriding the movie’s “variable special effects.”

#27. Earth Girls Are Easy (1988)

– IMDb user rating: 5.5
– IMDb user votes: 25.6K
– Metascore: 66
– Run time: 100 minutes

Blending elements of science-fiction and romance with an unforgettable soundtrack, this film has become a campy classic. Geena Davis stars as a Southern California gal who takes in three colorful, furry aliens (played by Jeff Goldblum, Jim Carrey, and Damon Wayans). Roger Ebert described the film as silly but admitted that he “had fun watching it.”

#26. Star Trek V: The Final Frontier (1989)

– IMDb user rating: 5.5
– IMDb user votes: 65K
– Metascore: 43
– Run time: 107 minutes

Directed by and starring William Shatner, the fifth film in the Star Trek franchise pits Captain Kirk and Mr. Spock against Spock’s estranged half-brother. The film was a box-office disappointment compared to its predecessors, and critics weren’t impressed, either. The New York Times’ Caryn James described Shatner’s directorial choices as a “misguided attempt to make this the biggest, grandest ‘Star Trek’ yet.”

#25. My Stepmother Is an Alien (1988)

– IMDb user rating: 5.4
– IMDb user votes: 28K
– Metascore: 47
– Run time: 105 minutes

This campy science-fiction comedy stars Kim Basinger as an alien sent to Earth to seduce a physicist (Dan Aykroyd) for his research. Critics generally panned the film, with Roger Ebert explaining that “the screenplay never seems to realize the comic potential of the situation.”

#24. Popeye (1980)

– IMDb user rating: 5.4
– IMDb user votes: 35.4K
– Metascore: 64
– Run time: 114 minutes

Directed by Academy Award-nominated director Robert Altman and starring Robin Williams and Shelley Duvall, the adaptation of the classic “Popeye” comics was a surprise critical bust at the time of its 1980 release. The film’s reception has warmed over time, though, and in 2014, Eric Spitznagel of Vanity Fair cited it as the best movie that Robin Williams ever made.

#23. Maximum Overdrive (1986)

– IMDb user rating: 5.4
– IMDb user votes: 36.9K
– Metascore: 24
– Run time: 98 minutes

A horror film about sentient homicidal machines, “Maximum Overdrive” is an adaptation of a 1978 Stephen King short story called “Trucks.” The film was a critical and box office flop, grossing just $7 million worldwide. King was nominated for Worst Director and Emilio Estevez for Worst Actor at the 1987 Razzie Awards.

#22. Masters of the Universe (1987)

– IMDb user rating: 5.4
– IMDb user votes: 45.3K
– Metascore: 35
– Run time: 106 minutes

Based on the Mattel-created character He-Man, this live-action film starring Dolph Lundgren depicts the warrior in an epic battle against his nemesis, Skeletor (Frank Langella). The film bombed at the box office and critics were not forgiving. “Masters of the Universe” still has its fans, though, and in 2012 Slant critic Glenn Heath Jr. gave the movie a more lighthearted review, encouraging viewers to “cherish” the film’s broader themes.

#21. Police Academy 3: Back in Training (1986)

– IMDb user rating: 5.4
– IMDb user votes: 49.4K
– Metascore: 33
– Run time: 83 minutes

“Police Academy 3: Back in Training” did not redeem the critical failure of its two predecessors in the “Police Academy” franchise. In this installment, the crew of misfit police officers go back to school to teach a new group of recruits. The film drew crowds and big ticket sales, but critic Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times panned the film, writing, “The most you can say for ‘Police Academy 3: Back in Training’ is that it’s no worse than ‘Police Academy 2’—which was awful.”

#20. A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy’s Revenge (1985)

– IMDb user rating: 5.4
– IMDb user votes: 79K
– Metascore: 43
– Run time: 87 minutes

In this sequel, Freddy Krueger returns to haunting dreams, stalking the mind of a teenage boy he hopes to possess. Though the film received a positive review in The New York Times, the reception overall was largely mixed. “A Nightmare on Elm Street 2” has since reached cult-classic status and is remembered for its queer subtext.

#19. The Karate Kid Part III (1989)

– IMDb user rating: 5.3
– IMDb user votes: 70.6K
– Metascore: 36
– Run time: 112 minutes

In the third installment of the “Karate Kid” franchise, series villain John Kreese seeks revenge against Miyagi and Daniel with help from a Vietnam War veteran. Caryn James of The New York Times saw the film’s lack of character development and “sluggish script” as two of the movie’s biggest cinematic failures. The film was nominated for a grand total of five Razzie Awards, including Worst Picture.

#18. Friday the 13th: The New Blood (1988)

– IMDb user rating: 5.2
– IMDb user votes: 43.4K
– Metascore: 13
– Run time: 88 minutes

Screenwriters Daryl Haney and Manuel Fidello took some creative liberties with the seventh movie in the “Friday the 13th” franchise. The movie centers on a telekinetic teenager, who accidentally brings Jason Voorhees back to the surface of Crystal Lake once again. The film received mostly negative reviews, with Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune pointing out the entire franchise’s misogynistic undertones.

#17. Halloween III: Season of the Witch (1982)

– IMDb user rating: 5.2
– IMDb user votes: 62.1K
– Metascore: 50
– Run time: 98 minutes

The only film in the “Halloween” franchise that doesn’t feature masked villain Michael Myers, “Halloween III” follows Dr. Daniel Challis as he uncovers a murderous plot that uses Halloween masks as weapons of destruction. The film received largely negative reviews, and Roger Ebert called it a “low-rent thriller.”

#16. The Fly II (1989)

– IMDb user rating: 5.1
– IMDb user votes: 25.1K
– Metascore: 36
– Run time: 105 minutes

The sequel to “The Fly” features only one of the actors from the original movie and tells the story of Brundlefly’s son, who seeks a cure for his fly-like mutated genes. The film was widely panned by critics; Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote that the sequel had “no comparable wit or depth” to its predecessor.

#15. Red Sonja (1985)

– IMDb user rating: 5.1
– IMDb user votes: 45.5K
– Metascore: 35
– Run time: 89 minutes

Based on the comic book series of the same name, this action film follows warrior Red Sonja in a quest for vengeance against those who murdered her family. The film received horrendous critical reviews upon release, including a humorous take from Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel. The Razzies awarded actor Brigitte Nielsen the Worst New Star award for her portrayal of Red Sonja.

#14. Cyborg (1989)

– IMDb user rating: 5.0
– IMDb user votes: 35K
– Metascore: 24
– Run time: 86 minutes

In “Cyborg,” action star Jean-Claude Van Damme plays a martial artist hunting down a killer in a dystopian future. The film was a critical flop and currently stands at a measly 22% on Rotten Tomatoes. Nevertheless, “Cyborg” generated two sequels—both of which fared equally poorly among viewers.

#13. Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol (1987)

– IMDb user rating: 5.0
– IMDb user votes: 46.4K
– Metascore: 26
– Run time: 88 minutes

The misfits of the “Police Academy” franchise are back in this fourth installment, now training civilian volunteers. Once again, the universally negative critical reviews did not deter moviegoers, and the sequel sold more than $28 million in tickets. Kevin Thomas’ Los Angeles Times review attempted to make sense of the phenomenon, saying, “What’s so amazing about the ‘Police Academy’ movies is that they keep being made even though they stopped being funny after the hilarious original.”

#12. A Nightmare on Elm Street: The Dream Child (1989)

– IMDb user rating: 5.0
– IMDb user votes: 51.6K
– Metascore: 54
– Run time: 89 minutes

In the fifth installment of the “Nightmare on Elm Street” franchise, Freddy Krueger attempts to possess a fetus, hoping to be reborn into the world. Reviews were tepid at best, with Variety describing “The Dream Child” as “a poorly constructed special effects showcase.”

#11. Superman III (1983)

– IMDb user rating: 5.0
– IMDb user votes: 75.8K
– Metascore: 44
– Run time: 125 minutes

Christopher Reeve co-stars with comedian Richard Pryor in the third film adaptation of the comic book series, which pits Superman against an evil computer genius. The film did well at the box office, grossing more than $80 million worldwide, but suffered in reviews. Pryor was nominated for the Worst Supporting Actor Razzie, while Giorgio Moroder was nominated for Worst Musical Score.

#10. Halloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers (1989)

– IMDb user rating: 4.9
– IMDb user votes: 47.9K
– Metascore: 28
– Run time: 96 minutes

The fifth film of the “Halloween” franchise sees Michael Myers return to kill his niece, who has been rendered mute. Upon the movie’s release, many critics expressed weariness at the series’ now-repetitive plot and tricks. In his New York Times review of the film, Stephen Holden wrote, “Each new installment of the ‘Halloween’ series is rather like taking another swing through the same all-too-familiar funhouse.”

#9. Friday the 13th: A New Beginning (1985)

– IMDb user rating: 4.8
– IMDb user votes: 45.1K
– Metascore: 16
– Run time: 92 minutes

A traumatized Tommy Jarvis must face a new hockey-masked murderer in the fifth “Friday the 13th” movie—which, notably, does not feature Jason Voorhees. In the Chicago Tribune, Gene Siskel complained that the film had “little suspense.”

#8. Howard the Duck (1986)

– IMDb user rating: 4.7
– IMDb user votes: 51.7K
– Metascore: 28
– Run time: 110 minutes

Based on the exploits of a Marvel character, “Howard the Duck” follows the titular character, a humanoid alien duck, as he attempts to stop an invasion of planet Earth. The film has sustained a cult following, despite negative critical reviews and bombing at the box office. The film won four Razzie Awards, including Worst Picture; a few years later, “Howard the Duck” earned a nomination for Worst Picture of the Decade.

#7. Police Academy 5: Assignment: Miami Beach (1988)

– IMDb user rating: 4.6
– IMDb user votes: 38.9K
– Metascore: 18
– Run time: 90 minutes

The first film in the franchise to not star Steve Guttenberg, the fifth “Police Academy” brings the misfits to a police convention in Miami Beach. By this point, critics had more than had enough of the series—Caryn James declared in The New York Times that “the formula is pretty long in the tooth by now.”

#6. Grease 2 (1982)

– IMDb user rating: 4.6
– IMDb user votes: 39.1K
– Metascore: 52
– Run time: 115 minutes

After “Grease” became a beloved musical classic, “Grease 2” was inevitable. Also a musical, “Grease 2” stars Michelle Pfeiffer and gender swaps the stereotypes portrayed in the first film. Though “Grease 2” did not earn the same box office numbers or critical success as its predecessor, the film has gone on to become a campy favorite. Some fans even claim that the sequel is better than the original.

#5. Friday the 13th Part VIII: Jason Takes Manhattan (1989)

– IMDb user rating: 4.5
– IMDb user votes: 44.1K
– Metascore: 14
– Run time: 100 minutes

In the eighth “Friday the 13th” movie, Jason Voorhees is awakened and terrorizes a group of high school students on a boat heading toward Manhattan. Critics did not praise the film; the New York Daily News noted that “Jason Takes Manhattan” “grossly underutilizes its promising premise.”

#4. Police Academy 6: City Under Siege (1989)

– IMDb user rating: 4.4
– IMDb user votes: 33.6K
– Metascore: 16
– Run time: 84 minutes

Original star Steve Guttenberg didn’t return to the “Police Academy” franchise for the sixth film, but that didn’t stop the rest of the central crew from returning to take on crime in the city streets. Chris Wellman wrote of the film in the Los Angeles Times, “To know these 84 minutes is to know an endless living death.” Today, “City Under Siege” has a 0% on Rotten Tomatoes.

#3. Jaws 3-D (1983)

– IMDb user rating: 3.7
– IMDb user votes: 49.3K
– Metascore: 27
– Run time: 99 minutes

Much like its predecessors, “Jaws 3-D” features a villain in the form of a giant, murderous shark—this time, trapped in the SeaWorld amusement park. The 3D film flopped financially in comparison to the two previous movies in the series and was nominated for five Razzie Awards, including Worst Picture, Worst Director, and Worst Screenplay.

#2. Superman IV: The Quest for Peace (1987)

– IMDb user rating: 3.7
– IMDb user votes: 53.6K
– Metascore: 24
– Run time: 90 minutes

In “Superman IV: The Quest for Peace,” Christopher Reeve returns for the final time as the superhero, facing up against a new villain called Nuclear Man. The film was ultimately a failure with critics and audiences, for which Janet Maslin of The New York Times blamed the “chintzy” flying sequences and the “perfunctory” special effects. The film was nominated for two Razzie Awards: Worst Supporting Actress and Worst Visual Effects.

#1. Jaws: The Revenge (1987)

– IMDb user rating: 3.0
– IMDb user votes: 50.5K
– Metascore: 15
– Run time: 89 minutes

The final film in the Jaws franchise sees a giant shark following Chief Brody’s family in search of revenge. With 2% on Rotten Tomatoes, the film is regarded as a spectacularly bad sequel. Roger Ebert described “Jaws: The Revenge” as “not simply a bad movie, but also a stupid and incompetent one.” The film was nominated for seven Razzie Awards and won for Worst Visual Effects.

Data reporting by Karim Noorani. Story editing by Cu Fleshman. Copy editing by Tim Bruns.

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