A new study from Parks Associates finds that mobile game revenue generated from carrier decks will drop from 90% of all mobile gaming revenue to 72% over the next five years as new options become available.

According to the report, "The New Frontier: Portable and Mobile Gaming," the alternatives include off-deck channels and ad-supported or subsidized mobile gaming.

"Lack of competition has left most carrier decks with an uninspired user interface and poor merchandising environment, which contributed to the recent market stagnation," said Michael Cai, director of broadband and gaming at the market research firm. "Off-deck marketing and distribution, combined with new business models such as mobile game advertising, episodic content delivery and micro-payments, will rekindle industry growth."

The Google-backed Open Handset Alliance, Nokia's Ovi services and alternative distribution channels and advertising models are all working to strengthen the growth of off-deck distribution, Parks Associates reports.