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Skills & Expertise

What Does a Communications Manager Do? Role, Skills & Salary

Let your creativity, writing skills and ability to connect with people shine in this critical role

Communications manager working
Leah icon
By Jenell Talley
Jenell Talley is a journalist and program analyst with a background spanning media, government, and editorial work. She holds a journalism degree from Howard University and a master's in human resources management from the University of Maryland.
3 min read • Originally published November 9, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026
Leah icon
By Jenell Talley
Jenell Talley is a journalist and program analyst with a background spanning media, government, and editorial work. She holds a journalism degree from Howard University and a master's in human resources management from the University of Maryland.
3 min read • Originally published November 9, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026

You’re wicked creative, digitally savvy and your writing skills are bar none.  You, dear reader, are what a communications manager is made of. Check out what a couple of communications pros have to say about the gig and then say hello to your new job.

What exactly does a communications manager do?

A communications manager promotes a company’s mission, products and/or services. She works closely with management teams and execs to shape a company’s image and values, as well as the appropriate methods to communicate them to the public. Her responsibilities include identifying press opportunities and developing content to be disseminated via social media, websites, newsletters, press releases and any other distribution channels. The communications manager ensures messaging aligns with key business strategies. She may also serve as a company’s media liaison and formal spokesperson, conducting briefings and press conferences.

“The primary purpose of a communications manager is to effectively inform and promote an organization, its brand, its people, its mission and its product(s),” says Rina Ortega, communications manager of ArtsConnection in New York. Ortega spreads the word about the nonprofit arts education organization by searching for potential media placements and pitching stories; managing the organization’s two websites and multiple social media channels; creating on-brand marketing materials and correspondence; and overseeing the creation of an annual report.

Communication is how a company distinguishes itself from its competitors, says Mariam Bulin-Diarra, partner and chief marketing officer at Spycob, a fashion deals e-commerce startup in San Francisco. Bulin-Diarra spends most mornings tracking media mentions and responding to press requests. She also writes press releases in line with current trends and attends weekly seminars and business networking events.

What skills does a communications manager need?

“As an advocate of a company, a communications manager must have strong communications and people skills, be an organized strategist, able to adjust to any kind of [situation] and resilient to stress,” says Bulin-Diarra.

Creativity and out-of-this world writing and editing skills are other tools of the trade. You have to be able to come up with new ideas and inventive ways to promote an organization so people will pay attention and understand what the organization is all about, says Ortega, who also emphasizes the importance of time management. “It’s a very fast-pace environment; if you don’t manage your time wisely, you may miss an opportunity,” she says. “Additionally, you should know when the most optimal time is to send out your information. For example, posting social media statuses or sending email marketing campaigns can make or break what you’re promoting.”

Who is a communications manager’s supervisor?

Generally, you’ll take your cues from a director or VP of communications or marketing.

Are there any positions similar to this one?

A public relations manager, community outreach manager, digital communications manager, corporate/internal communications manager and marketing manager may have similar responsibilities.

What does it take to excel in this position?

You need a strong vision and desire for personal growth to rock it out in this position, says Ortega. “It takes a lot of self-motivation to be in this role, constantly developing new ideas and keeping up with technology,” she says.

Adds Bulin-Diarra, proficiency in analytics always helps, as does having positive energy and a positive attitude. No one wants to work with a stressed-out sourpuss, after all. But nothing trumps believing in your business and your product, she says. “It makes such a difference when you genuinely love your company and your job.”

How can I break into this field?

“Because of its key position in an organization and its many responsibilities, this role requires a bachelor’s degree with a minimum of five years of experience in communications,” says Bulin-Diarra. So decide what industry you want to work in, scope out companies in those industries looking for help, says Ortega, and apply for an internship in their marketing, event marketing or PR department.

Topics:

Climb the Ladder, Skills & Expertise
Advice From the Pros

How to Build a Media Career Outside New York City

A conversation with Doug Kouma, the Editorial Director of Meredith Core Media

Doug Kouma, Meredith Core Media
Leah icon
By Andrea Williams
@AndreaWillWrite
Andrea Williams is an author, journalist, and columnist for The Tennessean with over 16 years of experience in journalism and 20 years in copywriting and communications strategy. Her work spans national outlets and high-traffic digital brands.
6 min read • Originally published November 16, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026
Leah icon
By Andrea Williams
@AndreaWillWrite
Andrea Williams is an author, journalist, and columnist for The Tennessean with over 16 years of experience in journalism and 20 years in copywriting and communications strategy. Her work spans national outlets and high-traffic digital brands.
6 min read • Originally published November 16, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026

For folks living under the bright lights of New York, envisioning a media career is easy—it seems there are book publishers, digital media brands, global PR firms and magazine headquarters on nearly every corner. But for those outside the Big Apple, launching a media career may be more challenging, and it will certainly require some imagination and flexibility.

That doesn’t mean it can’t be done, though. After graduating with a journalism degree from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and landing an internship at the Boston Globe, Doug Kouma, the Editorial Director of Meredith Core Media, discovered he was homesick for Des Moines, Iowa. Kouma headed back to the Midwest, where he completed another internship and ultimately ascended to his current position atop the publishing behemoth’s special publication division.

Here, Kouma shares tips to help other land-locked media pros score the gig of their dreams.

When did you fall in love with journalism?

All the way back in high school, I got involved in my high school newspaper and yearbook, and that continued on into college. I was pretty sure I wanted to get involved in newspapers, but I wasn’t sure in what capacity. Then I discovered copyediting and fell in love with that, so I was the editor of my college newspaper. I graduated with a pretty clear focus in news journalism, specifically news copyediting.

And that is where I ended up, at the Des Moines Register for the first couple years of my career.

So how did you end up at Meredith?

It truly was the copyediting route, and it was also a location-based thing. [After college], I interned at the Boston Globe as part of the Dow Jones News Fund internship program. I was a young kid living in a place where I didn’t know anybody and didn’t have my family, and working nights, weekends and holidays was really hard. That’s actually what drove me to consider something else.

My second internship was on the news desk at the Des Moines Register, and I actually really loved that job. I loved the pace of it, I loved the variety of it, and I loved the creative expression through page design, which I did about half-time. Meredith headquarters is just down the street from the old Register building, and, eventually, a copyediting job opened up here in our Special Interest Group. I put in for it and was hired.

What advice do you have for readers who are not in New York but still looking to break into publishing or media?

Become an expert in what interests you, and at the same time, diversify your skill set. In a market like Des Moines, there’s not the opportunity you would have in New York to bounce across the street or head down the block for the next career opportunity and build your path that way. Sometimes the opportunities unfold before you, as opposed to being intentionally thought out. But really, it’s figuring out what you’re good at, and figuring out the value you bring to the organization.

What I’m doing today at Meredith is not necessarily what I set out to do. I didn’t know that I’d move into this editorial director role and really work from both sides of my brain—the business side of things and the creative side of things. But I found that I had a knack for the numbers; I had a knack for the budgeting; I had a knack for the business side. And a role like editorial director—in which I’m overseeing our publishing strategy, what our portfolio looks like, the key content areas we want to play in—it is a left-brain and right-brain job, and I found that that worked for me.

What is the day-to-day function of your role?

Meredith Core Media is Meredith’s special interest publishing unit. We work primarily in print, specifically newsstand print publications. We’re roughly divided into five key content areas: health and wellness, gardening, home and holidays, crafts, and partner publications. (Partner publications are how we utilize our scale and infrastructure to work with outside partner brands that want to move into the print media space.)

In my job, I oversee creative teams—teams of editors and directors within each of those core content areas, who are the ones actually putting together the magazines that may run as anything from a one-off to a bi-monthly magazine.

What is the most exciting part about your job?

I think it’s just getting to experience the creative process. We are very clear on starting with our consumers and understanding what drives them, what they’re looking for, and how we can be of service to them. And by starting there, and then brainstorming new and innovative ways to bring information to them or to tell a story in a different way, that’s just fascinating to me.

I can’t take credit for most of that, though. Most of that comes from the very creative people I work with. Sometimes I find myself just sitting back in awe of the creative process that happens around here. It’s really pretty fantastic to see, day-in and day-out.

How do you stay on top of consumer trends?

That’s a good question. I sometimes question my own expertise, and what I’ve come to realize is that it’s not my job to be a trend expert in any one of our categories—that’s up to the creative teams I work with. It’s my job to have a well-rounded understanding of all parts of the business, both consumer-facing and how we fit into the overall Meredith corporate strategy.

As far as my creative teams and how they stay on top of things, they have to get out of the office. We have pretty robust research projects every year, where we go out and talk to consumers; we go to industry trade shows and conferences; and we look at what the competitive landscape looks like and what other publications are doing. But with a lot of what we do, we don’t strive to reflect the trends—we strive to filter trends to a mass-market consumer in a really user-friendly way.

What advice do you have for finding a mentor?

I would say look beyond your industry. Ultimately, this comes down to business. We spend a lot of time talking about consumers and delivering high-quality content, but, ultimately, we’re doing all of these things because we work for a company that wants to make money. When you have a network that includes people in insurance or financial services, or in the medical industry, you find that the challenges inherent in running a successful business tend to be the same across categories. And it’s good to have people outside your world who are not emotionally invested in the projects that you work on, to help talk through challenges and opportunities, and help you see things purely from a business standpoint.

What is the most important lesson you’ve learned in your career?

Start with the consumer, and listen to the consumer. There are probably very few people in the media landscape who can dictate to consumers what they want to hear, or what they want to see. So start by listening to the consumer, really understanding what the consumer needs and delivering on that. If you don’t get that right, nothing else matters.

Topics:

Advice From the Pros, Be Inspired
Job Search

Essential Job Search Tools Every Media Professional Should Know

Nobody loves the job hunt, but we can all appreciate these tools that give us a serious leg up

Friends sharing resume website
Leah icon
By Allie Misch
Alexandria Misch is a multimedia journalist and content strategist with over a decade of freelance experience, with bylines in New York Magazine, Esquire, the Los Angeles Times, and The Verge. She is based in New York City and works across writing, editing, photography, and production.
4 min read • Originally published November 21, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026
Leah icon
By Allie Misch
Alexandria Misch is a multimedia journalist and content strategist with over a decade of freelance experience, with bylines in New York Magazine, Esquire, the Los Angeles Times, and The Verge. She is based in New York City and works across writing, editing, photography, and production.
4 min read • Originally published November 21, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026

For some, the holidays are a greatly-appreciated and much-needed time to relax, read a good book and catch up with loved ones. But when you’re unemployed or unhappy with your current job, the only question worse than your aunt asking “So, are you dating anyone?” is any inquiry along the lines of “Uh, did you find a new job yet?” Instead of spending your time Googling how to transition the relationship with your aunt to the “twice removed” kind, take a moment to be extra grateful for these tools that can make your job hunt a little easier. Who knows, maybe you’ll land an interview by the time the turkey is finally done browning.

Social Media

Gone are the days when employers only looked at what’s on your resume to find out if you’re a good fit. But with this extra pressure to appear extra special online comes the opportunity to network, showcase your strengths and get a glimpse into your potential company’s culture. Even if the position doesn’t require you to be social media-savvy, you can almost guarantee someone is looking at your accounts—so give them something to look at.

Currently, Gillie Houston has almost 100K followers on Instagram, which is rather unusual for a journalist. But it means more than people just “like” her posts. “A large following shows a brand, publication or company that you have the natural skill and impulse for social media, which not all people—particularly those who didn’t grow up sharing every part of their life on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram—have,” says Houston.

She didn’t land her first job strictly through social media, but her employers were “shocked” by the amount of followers she had when they hired her. “Since that first job [at Yahoo], I’ve definitely gotten writing gigs and other freelance opportunities either directly because of Instagram, or because of connections I’ve made through Instagram, which I think is one of the most amazing things about the platform,” says the now full-time freelance writer.

Brandon Chivers, an art director at Movement Strategy, also landed his first internship through a recruiter who had stumbled upon his online presence. Since then he’s learned that the “creeping” works both ways.

“Social media has always affected my job search because it gives more insight to the companies that I want to apply to,” he says. “I tend to heavily use Instagram for this specifically because I like to look through who these agencies have as clients, the quality of work and their vision.” He also notes it’s a good place to start to see what kind of influence a company has in your industry and how you are already connected.

Portfolio Websites

If you’re already pouring your energy into your work, why not show it off?

Chivers was not only discovered from his personal blog, but then poached to work internally at the agency doing the hiring for another firm. “It’s kind of funny, actually,” he says of the bait-and-switch.

“I think potential employers are drawn to my blog because I work primarily in a visual formatting, so I’ve developed an eye and sense of aesthetic when I post something,” he says. Chivers describes his work as “moody” and “cohesive” which he says translates to the type of client work he was recruited to develop. His internship turned into a job offer three months later, which lead to him dropping out of art school to come on board as one of the company’s lead art directors. “It just works in my favor,” he says of his blog’s influence in the advertising industry.

Quick tip: Chivers recommends adding your email address to anything and everything online to make it easy for companies to reach out directly. This can especially be helpful if you are already at a job and trying to discreetly make moves.

Friends and Family

‘Tis the season to let the little things go and remember why you tolerate your loved ones at the table. It’s also a chance to pass around the spiked cider and put the feelers out to see who’s hiring. Even if your brother-in-law is a pilot and you really want to be a painter, he may have overheard a passenger in need of a hand letterer.

Jesse Hirsch, a current contributing editor to GOOD Magazine, said he has almost never strictly applied to a job online or with a resume. “My job hunts are usually not traditional hunts,” he says. “Almost every job I’ve gotten so far has been word of mouth about a particular position while I’m still at another position.”


Even if your contacts aren’t aware of anything at the moment, you can still use this season of selflessness to call in a favor. “I recently did a trick where I asked a bunch of editors if they would write two to three nice sentences about me, then compiled them into a PDF,” Hirsch says. “Feels like a good ‘bonus item’ to include in an application.”

But be sure it’s not just the tryptophan from the turkey talking. “You have to be able to back up everything,” says Chivers. “Build a brand, build a story. But show them what they’re really getting.”

Topics:

Get Hired, Job Search
Job Search

6 Ways to Supercharge Your Job Search on Your Day Off

Use this downtime to take the necessary steps towards finding a better job

job seeker sitting on couch searching for jobs
John icon
By John Lombard
John Lombard is a content strategist and writer with over a decade of experience creating interactive and video content for brands like Apple, IBM, and Samsung. He previously worked at Mediabistro and now serves as a Client Strategist at Ceros.
3 min read • Originally published November 22, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026
John icon
By John Lombard
John Lombard is a content strategist and writer with over a decade of experience creating interactive and video content for brands like Apple, IBM, and Samsung. He previously worked at Mediabistro and now serves as a Client Strategist at Ceros.
3 min read • Originally published November 22, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026

It’s a long weekend, so if you’ve been meaning to put some serious time into finding a new job, then suit up, because now’s the time you’re going to make a real dent in your hunt.

Take advantage of this super hot job market—and this federal holiday—to knock out a few applications.

To help make you the most electable candidate, here are some of Mediabistro’s favorite job-hunting tips. So go forth, read up and apply before you’re too busy with work again.

1. Polish up Your Resume

Take a good honest look at your resume to ensure it’s free of red flags: After triple-checking for typos and grammar mistakes, confirm that the chronology is clear. And make sure to include relevant keywords into your bullet points; this helps get your resume past the applicant tracking systems while making it easier for a recruiter to determine your transferrable skills.

2. Create a Killer Cover Letter

When the job you want becomes available, up your chances of getting the hiring manager’s attention with an irresistible cover letter. Bone up on the basics of the best covers: a strong intro that hooks the reader, an alignment of your strengths with the duties listed in the job description and your salary requirements, if requested.

3. Prepare to Crush the Interview

Interviewers like to throw curve balls—trick questions that let them see how applicants handle them. Get a jump on these by preparing your script ahead of time, so you won’t be caught short by such conversational minefields as “Why did you leave your last position?”, “What’s the biggest mistake you’ve ever made at work?” and “What’s your salary requirement?”.

4. Get Your Social House in Order

Don’t kid yourself: A hiring manager will eventually check your social media profiles. So get your job-seeking social media game on point. Make sure your LinkedIn profile has a photo, and describes and markets your current and previous positions. Scrub your Facebook wall of controversial, unprofessional posts. And take a look at your past tweets to make sure there’s nothing there to make a would-be employer wince.

5. Get Ready to Network

OK, so you’re not going to hit a conference today and make a hundred new contacts. But on your day off, you can lay the groundwork for some low-key networking that could land you your next job. Spend some time today researching who you could set up an informational interview with. Draw up a list of people—your references, your LinkedIn contacts, your fellow college alums—you could approach for an informational interview.

6. Learn a New Skill

Yes, it’s your day off. And you’ve got an afternoon of binge watching on Netflix planned. But for the time it takes to stream an episode of Making a Murderer, you can boost your skills, and your hireability.

Mediabistro’s Skills in 60, one-hour training sessions, get you up to speed in today’s most desirable media job skills. That way, when a job posting that calls for, say, email marketing skills or Twitter analytics, you’ll be ready to roll. (And there couldn’t be a better time to sign up. Now through January 6, all courses are 50% off with code RESOLUTION2017.) 

Topics:

Get Hired, Job Search
Productivity

3 Simple Changes That Will Instantly Improve Your Workday

A few scheduled breathers, a workout and a change of perception can make it a win

employee exercising before work
John icon
By John Lombard
John Lombard is a content strategist and writer with over a decade of experience creating interactive and video content for brands like Apple, IBM, and Samsung. He previously worked at Mediabistro and now serves as a Client Strategist at Ceros.
3 min read • Originally published November 28, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026
John icon
By John Lombard
John Lombard is a content strategist and writer with over a decade of experience creating interactive and video content for brands like Apple, IBM, and Samsung. He previously worked at Mediabistro and now serves as a Client Strategist at Ceros.
3 min read • Originally published November 28, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026

As a media professional, it’s a safe bet your day is filled with client meetings, rewrites, scope changes or impending deadlines. And then there’s the whole being-a-thought-provoking-creative-who-pushes-the-bounds-of-digital-media thing. Crazy, right? If this way beyond 9-5 routine is driving you to Burnout City, have we got some advice for you.

Read on for three small ways that make for big improvements to your workday.

1. Take More Breaks

We get it: You’re busy. But plowing through your to-do list isn’t going to do anything good for the work you’re creating or the ideas you’re developing. Recently, NPR’s The Salt podcast interviewed Kimberly Elsbach, associate dean and professor of organizational behavior at UC Davis. In it, Elsbach discusses how skipping breaks and not changing one’s location is “really detrimental to creative thinking.”

Think of your brain as a muscle because, well it is. And just like any muscle, it requires breaks. Need proof? A recent study suggests that brief mental breaks actually help us stay focused. And when we fail to take breaks while spending a prolonged period of attention on a single task, we’re actually impairing brain performance.

Stalled on a creative idea? Research is finding that taking a walk may lead to a boost in creativity. So, whether it’s a stroll around the block, or just stepping outside, taking your mind off the task at hand can help you to return refreshed with creative solutions, and maybe even some breakthrough ideas.

To get started, consider trying out the 52/17 method of taking breaks. That’s 52 minutes of work followed by 17 minutes of non-work. Social scientists are finding this to be the magic ratio for productivity.

2. Exercise Before Work

If you’ve ever hit the gym before heading to the office, or even taken a pre-work walk, you get what we’re talking about here. In a field where you’re using creative brainpower for a good portion of your workday, and where stress is always looming, it’s important your mind and body is ready to take it all on.

Stress has been shown to lower your creative abilities. To battle this stress, or at least distract it, experts suggest exercise may be the key.

And the good mood from exercise has been found to last for up to 12 hours. This means an early morning jog could keep your mood up and stress down all the way into the evening.

3. Rebrand the Term “Issues”

Another day in a creative office, another issue to deal with. Maybe the logo you designed isn’t ‘popping’ enough for the client. Or the additional designs created are pulling the project out of scope. This is the nature of the business, and issues are a daily occurrence. Instead of labeling them “issues,” rebrand them into something positive, like goals.

Author and public speaker Jeffrey Baumgartner, says calling your problems goals can help to illuminate the crux of the matter. “Formulating goal statements from problems makes you think about the problem and what aspect of it you actually wish to solve,” he says.

Let’s take a look at an example:

Problem:

Our marketing materials seem to be moving off-brand.

Goal:

Let’s see how we can make our future content more on-brand while looking at ways to further develop our brand voice.

By looking at your issues as goals, you’re not only changing a negative to a positive, you’re also helping yourself and your team approach issues from a more productive standpoint. And that’s bound to make your day go better.

Another way to make your workday awesome? Being the go-to source for latest industry knowledge and trends. Check out Mediabistro’s online courses where you’ll expand your expertise, excel your career and become the smartest person in the room.

Topics:

Be Inspired, Productivity
Job Search

10 Habits of Highly Successful Job Seekers in Media

Members of the media lend an inside look at job hunting within an unpredictable industry

Woman successfully job searching
Leah icon
By Allie Misch
Alexandria Misch is a multimedia journalist and content strategist with over a decade of freelance experience, with bylines in New York Magazine, Esquire, the Los Angeles Times, and The Verge. She is based in New York City and works across writing, editing, photography, and production.
6 min read • Originally published December 5, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026
Leah icon
By Allie Misch
Alexandria Misch is a multimedia journalist and content strategist with over a decade of freelance experience, with bylines in New York Magazine, Esquire, the Los Angeles Times, and The Verge. She is based in New York City and works across writing, editing, photography, and production.
6 min read • Originally published December 5, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026

Hiring may slow down around the holidays, but once the new year rolls in HR departments will be in full swing. To get you prepared for the upcoming hiring season, we’ve compiled a checklist of best practices for media professionals on the hunt.

1. Prepare to be laid off at some point in your career

It may seem like a depressing place to start, but if you’re ready for the reality of working in this industry, you’ll be prepared to pivot.

After 18 years of working mostly at magazines, Bret Begun, current editor of Bloomberg Businessweek’s Etc. section, has seen his fair shares of layoffs and shutdowns.

“If you work in media, chances are it’s happened or is going to happen to you,” Begun says. “It’s much better when it happens in June than January, so you can use the excuse that ‘no one hires in the summer’ to chill for a few months.”

Use that time to figure out what you liked about your last job and what you didn’t like, and try to make sure your next job has more of what you like and less of what you don’t like.

“That’s the hidden opportunity,” he says.

2. Let people know you’re on the hunt

Lauren Deen has won three Emmy Awards, written a New York Times best-selling book and is recognized for excellence in culinary writing by the James Beard Foundation. She’s also received a call on vacation that her television show has been canceled–her employment terminated immediately.

“Television is brutal,” says Deen, president and executive producer of her company, Cake Productions. “I went through my rolodex and cold-called everyone I had every worked for or met in the industry telling them I was looking for work.”  

It’s not easy to divulge your situation, but as Begun advises: have a cocktail and start connecting. Work whatever contacts you have to see if they know of openings.

“This was incredibly uncomfortable for me,” says Deen. “I later realized this is nothing to be ashamed of—a strong work ethic is rare and valued and got me to where I am.”

3. Be conscious of your social media presence

Chelsea Castle, marketing manager at the branding agency Ologie, suggests applying a “grandma filter” on every social media post. Before hitting send, ask yourself: Would I want my grandma to see this tweet?

“That doesn’t mean you can’t be saucy or show your personality,” she says. “But, keep it PG-13 and balance your content with professional vs. personal.” And don’t be afraid to be the latter. “My most popular tweets are always the dumb ones about my spilling coffee or falling asleep in a coffee shop,” she admits.

“Social media is your number one tool in job seeking and branding yourself, but you can’t just be there,” Castle says. “You have to play the game, follow the rules, and make it your own. Be professional, interact and engage–and sell yourself–but be direct, honest and genuine.”

However, as an editor, Begun says he won’t be skimming Klout scores. “If there’s a writer I’m interested in working with, I’ll poke around so that I can see if the casting is right,” he says. “But I’m not hiring freelancers off of Instagram.”

4. Stop redesigning your resume

There’s a fine line between spell checking and splitting hairs.

“My guess is anyone interested in hiring you is going off a recommendation, not a resume,” says Begun, whose resume is simply written into a Google template.

Deen suggests creating a supplementary sheet to list skill sets as titles (i.e. executive producer) and a result of these skill sets as bullets underneath (e.g. Emmy-award winning show). “This allows your prospective employer to see your skills and how you can bring them revenue,” she explains. “And it’s also an interesting way to respond to interview questions rather than a laundry list of your show credits.” Such a concept can be applied to any industry to show your value.

5. Figure out how to best help a company

Begun finds sometimes, especially with younger interviewees, job-seekers tend to focus on what a job or internship will mean for their resume. “And less focused on how they can help…me,” he says.

“I know my pitch,” Deen says confidently. “Figure out what you have that no one else does.  It doesn’t have to be a major splashy thing but what distinguishes you—basically why would the employer feel it would be a huge loss if they don’t hire you.”

6. Fill the gaps in your resume with whatever you can

The one relief of working in a creative industry is the ability to freelance, which can sometime be a way to fake it ‘til you make it. “Then you can point to something and say, ‘Look, see, I was doing things.’” says Begun. Freelancing can also provide a measure of personal accountability between gigs.

If your area of expertise doesn’t lend itself to the in-between, Deen suggests other avenues like taking a class, volunteering, or learning an instrument. “Do something with purpose that shows another side to you,” she says.

7. Court the prospective company or organization

You know how hard you creep on someone’s social media before a first date? That’s the spirit.

“I read everything I can and follow the thread to unexpected places,” says Deen. Get lost in a company’s social media and note if an employee was at the same event, knows an acquaintance of yours, or if you can connect to the interviewer in a personal way.

8. Target growing industries

Despite our current food-obsessed culture, making it your career wasn’t always cool.

“It was mostly blue collar, or books written by diplomat’s wives and fancy French men,” Deen says of breaking into the industry. She credits good timing alongside her talent as a producer.

“The best way is to belong to the community you want to work within. Attend lectures and ask questions or just ask people what they do and where they think the industry is going,” she says.

Castle advises all it takes is a little creativity to get paid for your passion. “Don’t pigeonhole yourself into any industry – listen to your gut and see where it takes you,” she says of making the leap from journalism to marketing.

9. Think twice before running off to grad school

Generally speaking, Begun says journalists learn more by being out in the field. “And it’s probably not worth incurring debt,” he warns of continuing education out of desperation.

“I think of my time at Martha [Stewart Living] as my graduate school and internship into ‘real’ production. It’s also a work calling card. If you survived there and won your Emmy’s what else could you not do?” says Deen. Not having a paid-for piece of paper may lead to rejection, but as Deen says, “Just keep moving.”

10. Don’t let the hunt haunt you

The following are suggestions for not obsessing over unemployment: Exercise often, avoid drinking too much, go to galleries, see films, and listen to people smarter than you at lectures.

“Basically reframe your mind for fresh ideas,” Deen says of her suggestions. “But map it out so each day, week, and month has a purpose. And let yourself take a few hours off from the search.”

Bonus Habit: Know when to jump ship

Perhaps you’re reading this at your place of employment and fantasizing about a fresh start. Do it.

“A good friend and mentor of mine once told me, ‘When you’re ready to jump, you’ll know. You’ll know it in your gut.’” says Castle. “Many parts of my [previous] job became iterative to a point that I didn’t even have to think half of the time.”

If you’re maxed out, not challenged, or unsatisfied, you may want to move on. Many don’t do this for fear of the unknown, deserting comfortability (or friends), and end up settling. “That’s the worst thing you can do for yourself,” says Castle.

“Trust me, Stockholm Syndrome is real,” adds Deen.

If you’re looking now or want to know when a perfect job opens up, set up a job alert and never miss the next opportunity.

Topics:

Get Hired, Job Search
Business Basics

Stiffed by a Client? How Freelancers Can Handle Unpaid Invoices

One writer recounts the journey to get paid

freelancer not getting paid
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By Janelle Harris Dixon
Janelle Harris Dixon is a narrative journalist, copywriter, and content strategist with more than 20 years of experience covering race, culture, equity, and social justice. Her work has appeared in Essence, Ebony, The Atlantic, Rolling Stone, the Washington Post, Smithsonian, and more than 50 other publications. She holds a B.A. from Lincoln University and an M.A. in African American Studies from Temple University.
7 min read • Originally published December 7, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026
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By Janelle Harris Dixon
Janelle Harris Dixon is a narrative journalist, copywriter, and content strategist with more than 20 years of experience covering race, culture, equity, and social justice. Her work has appeared in Essence, Ebony, The Atlantic, Rolling Stone, the Washington Post, Smithsonian, and more than 50 other publications. She holds a B.A. from Lincoln University and an M.A. in African American Studies from Temple University.
7 min read • Originally published December 7, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026

 

There’s a strange dichotomy of time in the life of the average freelance writer. Your days operate around deadlines, so you rush to interview, rush to write, rush to finish and rush on to the next thing topping the perpetual to-do list. But when the work is done, there’s often a slow-as-molasses timeframe for payment to materialize. Somewhere in the universe, a check with your name on it awaits, unsigned and undeposited. When it will manifest is anyone’s guess.

After writing for the same magazine for years, what happens when payment becomes sporadic and you take them to small claims court? I’ll tell you because it happened to me.

Just Happy to Be Working

Early in my freelancing career, I was just a starry-eyed writer trudging into a thankless day job in the communications department of a nonprofit and gleefully plunking out magazine articles when I got home. I was doing what I loved, albeit on a part-time basis, and the paycheck made it all the more sweet.

My bailiwick is women’s interests, particularly black women, but the pool of print pubs serving that market is awful small. Imagine my delight when an editor from one of the notables—you know, the ones that line the grocery store check-out—invited me to write a story. I can’t remember if my initial contact with her was a cordial pitch rejection or if she responded to a cold email I sent expressing interest in writing. But I do remember the subject line: “An Assignment for You.”

It was a short, front-of-book news piece on the trending privatization of public institutions. According to her email and the contract that followed, I had a month to write the story and, as the legalese stipulated, I’d be paid 30 days after the issue hit newsstands. I nailed it. She gave me another assignment, this time a lead news feature about celebrity moms’ business ventures. I nailed that one, too.

There was no indication in those initial months, then years, that I would eventually be plotting to Spiderman crawl up the walls of their corporate office building just to get my money. For a while, there was never a more contented girl who typed a byline. From then on, I was writing almost monthly, sometimes for multiple departments in one issue because she passed my name on to other editors. I covered news, spirituality and relationships, sometimes pitching, sometimes taking assignments. And, during the course of all these interactions, I built friendly working relationships.

Check Please. No, Seriously. Please?!

Two or three years after I started freelancing for said publication, I was laid off from my day job and decided to try my hand at full-time freelancing. That feast-or-famine phase made me notice that I hadn’t seen a check from the mag in quite some time. I’d gotten caught up in the rhythm of submitting stories and wasn’t being attentive to my pay schedule. When I added up the balance, it came to almost $3,000.

I emailed my editor to explain. “Oh my goodness,” she wrote back, “I’m so sorry! Send me all of the invoices and I’ll get them to accounting right away.” I was hopeful because the missing payments would’ve been enough to appease the bill collectors and maybe even pay a few things on time. With confidence in her promise to help, I continued to take assignments. But as more check-less time marched on, I prodded my editor for updates:

“By the way, have you heard anything yet about the money?”

“Hey, I’m just following up on those invoices. Any word?”

Our messages over the course of the next few months proved we were equally bewildered. She couldn’t seem to make any headway as the go-between, so she gave me the email of the paycheck mistress at the corporate office. We’ll call her “Cathy.”

Going Corporate

I peppered my initial email to our dear friend Cathy with gentle words, even a smiley face, because my goal wasn’t to piss her off or make her defensive. Despite their slow-to-pay tendencies, I didn’t want to burn the bridge. I emailed her once. Twice. Maybe about six or seven times over a month and a half. Finally, she responded. This is the only proof I got that she did in fact live and breathe:

“Janelle,” she wrote. “Unfortunately, corporate is behind in cutting checks. I have sent your information and will send another email stating your inquiry of payments with hopes they will be able to give me a definite date as to when they will be cutting outstanding checks. I apologize for the delay, but please note that I do not handle cutting checks. I will inform you of their response as soon as I receive.”

Translation: We’re late, but stop filling my inbox with your pestering because frankly, it’s really not my job to worry about your checks.

In addition to emails, I called and left polite, then progressively less polite voicemails.

“Hi Cathy! Just following up. Thank you!”

By month two, my effervescence waned.

“Cathy, this is Janelle. I still have not received any communication. I need to know where the payments stand.” No ‘thank you’ this go-round, I sniffed. That’ll show her.

After two more months, without any response whatsoever, I let my irritation have its way.

“Cathy, I have tried repeatedly to get in touch with you about money that is due to me for work I’ve already done. I’m sure you’re not in the business of working for free. Neither am I.”

Finally after months of trying, when my editor reached out with an assignment for me, I had to turn it down.

Jackpot! I Can Finally Pay My Bills

It’s a blessing to have virtual friendships with most, if not all, of my regular editors, and in a random conversation with one from another publication, I mentioned this particular magazine. Turns out we had both freelanced for them and she had a hard time wrangling her check from them, too. She’d taken them to small claims court.

Now, aside from what I’d seen on episodes of Judge Judy, I knew zilch about this legal process. I wore Google out looking for information on how to do it. I learned where the magazine’s mystical corporate office was located and contacted the small claims division for that county. I needed to factor in not only court fees, but travel expenses in case I actually had to make the journey from my home in D.C. to the plaintiff in Atlanta, but my editor friend (or “frienditor” as I like to say) assured me that once she filed her case, they reached out to her immediately.

She was right. The papers were filed in the morning and an attorney for the magazine called me by early afternoon. I’d since landed another day job, but I’d never given up on getting that money. I worked for it, I earned it and I was never, going to turn down a lump sum of three grand. After all of the time that had elapsed—by now, more than a year since I sent that initial email to my editor—it was just as much about the principle.

After all of the time and energy it took to get to the point of signing my name on the back of that little watermarked piece of paper, I had my money the next day. The lawyer was very pleasant, very apologetic and very willing to cough up the money owed to make this nasty little incident go away. “I’m soooo sorry you had to experience this,” she gushed over the phone. “Please send me your address so we can overnight you a check. I’m also sending you a release form to sign, so please send that back to me, as well.” I appreciated her apology and the fact that she sounded genuinely horrified about my experience.

The Moral of the Story

The fact that it took me the better part of a year to realize somebody in the world owed me almost $3,000 is my fault. I’ll admit it: I kept crappy books. My hatred of math and its companion evil, accounting, gave me cause to do bare-minimum bookkeeping. Typically, if numbers are involved, my eyes glaze over and my mind goes blank.

Sticky notes were my spreadsheets and even those weren’t checked often. I signed contracts and tucked copies into a manila folder, so focused on the creative part of writing, which I love, that I neglected the administrative side of my business, which is necessary.

I should’ve stopped writing for the mag much sooner than I did. My beef was with accounting, not my editors, but essentially working on a verbal promise to pay was a bad decision. Since this experience, if I’m owed more than one check, I wait until I get it before I even consider churning out so much as a headline.

A lot of writers worry that legal action—even the threat of it—will make them seem difficult to work with, strain their relationships, perhaps get them blacklisted. I think, as long as you’re diplomatic and professional in your attempts (meaning not blasting them on Twitter) no other magazine would frown upon a writer actively pursuing what’s already due to them. If a publication doesn’t pay on time, it’s not a relationship worth holding on to anyway. And if another takes umbrage with a writer demanding their money, that’s not a relationship worth building in the first place.

Janelle Harris resides in Washington, D.C., frequents Twitter and lives on Facebook.

Topics:

Business Basics, Go Freelance
Skills & Expertise

What Does a Photo Editor Do? Role, Skills & Career Path

Find out what it takes to launch a career in this essential media role

Photo editor selecting photos on laptop
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By Jenell Talley
Jenell Talley is a journalist and program analyst with a background spanning media, government, and editorial work. She holds a journalism degree from Howard University and a master's in human resources management from the University of Maryland.
3 min read • Originally published December 13, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026
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By Jenell Talley
Jenell Talley is a journalist and program analyst with a background spanning media, government, and editorial work. She holds a journalism degree from Howard University and a master's in human resources management from the University of Maryland.
3 min read • Originally published December 13, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026

We know how badly you want to be the next Annie Leibovitz. We totally get it—she’s so good. But before you start applying for photo editor gigs to get the ball rolling, you should know the job is more about choosing an awesome photo than it is taking one. We asked an OG photo editor to shed some light.

What exactly does a photo editor do?

We don’t mean to burst your bubble, but despite your expertise behind the lens—no one can find the right light like you—you won’t be functioning as a photographer. But you’ll be too busy determining photo needs, hiring photographers, allocating and coordinating assignments and approving images to miss taking pics. A photo editor also selects, edits and positions photos; negotiates fees and rights agreements; arranges travel; books studio time; and gets permissions to shoot.

“A photo editor works with designers and other editors to create a full, rich experience for the reader or customer,” says Robyn Lange, curator of Shutterstock, which provides high-quality licensed imagery and music to businesses. “They produce photo shoots, research and license available content, and edit the incoming photos to choose the best images to tell the story.”

What skills does a photo editor need?

Creativity and a well-trained eye are important. So is a solid foundation in photography and art history.

No one expects you to be a professional photographer, but it helps to have a basic knowledge of color balance, lighting and even some film techniques, says Lange, whose job it is to determine which of Shutterstock’s 90 million images best represent a project.

You’ll also need attention to detail and organization skills to surmount the logistical challenges that’ll inevitably arise when producing even the smallest photo shoot, she adds.

What about digital skills?

“Photoshop and InDesign skills are especially helpful to either perform small corrections yourself or to better understand the needs of the art department,” Lange continues. Experience with Illustrator, other photo-editing software such as Lightroom and Bridge and some knowledge of videography and video editing is icing on the cake.

Who is a photo editor’s supervisor?

It depends on the organization, but you’ll likely be taking direction from an art or photo director.

What does it take to excel in this position?

A deep-rooted passion for photography and the industry in general, for starters. As with most jobs, liking what you do comes across in your work, and this gig is no different.

And flexibility. Sometimes your concept may leave the editors and designers you work with scratching their heads. Be willing to reevaluate (or change) your vision when necessary.

Any other tips?

“Keep your eye on photographers and their portfolios, particularly emerging photographers and developing trends within the industry,” advises Lange.

How can I break into this field?

Three words: Build your portfolio. Your fine arts degree is awesome and all, but let your work do the talking. Oh, and stay focused (pun intended)!

Topics:

Climb the Ladder, Skills & Expertise
Productivity

9 Proven Techniques to Write Faster and Earn More

A collection of all the best writing productivity tips from content master, Neil Patel

Woman writing under the clock
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By Bizzy Coy
Bizzy Coy is a freelance copywriter and humorist whose creative writing has appeared in The New Yorker and McSweeney's, and who is the author of "Personal Space." She has received fellowships from Fulbright, MacDowell, and NYSCA/NYFA, and has written for clients including Disney, Condé Nast, and Broadway.
4 min read • Originally published December 14, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026
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By Bizzy Coy
Bizzy Coy is a freelance copywriter and humorist whose creative writing has appeared in The New Yorker and McSweeney's, and who is the author of "Personal Space." She has received fellowships from Fulbright, MacDowell, and NYSCA/NYFA, and has written for clients including Disney, Condé Nast, and Broadway.
4 min read • Originally published December 14, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026

When you write for a living, every minute of your day is important. If you’re not writing, you’re not making money. Learning how to write fast is crucial to increasing your productivity, and your income. And even if you’re not a full-time writer, chances are your job requires A LOT of writing. We’ve compiled nine of our favorite techniques to get you working faster from the king of content creation, Neil Patel.

1. Talk it out

“Everyone is different, but most people can talk significantly faster than they can type,” says Patel. “I’m talking 3-4 times as fast.”

He recommends Google docs voice typing, where you speak into your computer’s microphone and your words are automatically typed onto the page. With this tool, you can create a very quick “spoken draft” which you go back and clean up later.

2. Limit distractions

When you’re really in a time crunch, distractions can lead to disaster. So, put your phone on silent, turn off your music and close the door. Use a tool that will block you from visiting certain websites while you’re working.

“The urge to check email, visit social media sites, or just click a bookmark to go to your favorite site to kill time is strong,” Patel says.

Don’t give in!

3. Pick the right time of day

Maybe you’re a night owl, or maybe you’re an early bird. “Writing is a mentally demanding task,” says Patel. “You should do your writing during your most productive time of the day. If you do so, you could turn a two-hour article into a one-hour job.”

Not sure what time of day is right for you? Try writing in the morning one day, mid-day the next, and at night the next. Take a few notes after each work session to document how much you got done and how easy or hard it was to do.

4. Outline first

Never start with a blank screen. When you sit down to write, you should have an outline ready to go.

“When you have an outline in place, your brain is already familiar with the way you should structure ideas,” Patel says. All you have to do is flesh out your bullet points into sentences. Far less intimidating than a blank screen—and lots easier to write.

5. Take frequent breaks

When you’re hurtling towards the finish line, your brain gets tired and you become less productive. It might seem counterintuitive, but taking time away from your work is the best way to get things done fast.

Patel recommends structuring your time using the Pomodoro Technique, created by Francesco Cirillo. According to this productivity method, you work for 25 minutes followed by a 5 minute break. Repeat this four times, then take a longer break of 15-30 minutes.

Try it out using Tomato Timer.

6. Set a deadline

According to Patel, “The problem many professional writers have is that they give themselves a day to write a post, even if they may not need it.”

Try giving yourself a more strenuous deadline—one or two hours from now, instead of at the end of the day or end of the week. “If you give yourself too much time to finish something,” he says, “it will take longer to do.”

7. Skip the tough parts

We all hit a wall at one point or another. It could be an idea, a sentence, or even a single word. Whatever has you stuck, don’t waste time trying to come up with a solution right then and there. Instead, skip it. Move on to an easier part of your project, and come back to the tough part later. By the time you revisit, you’ll have a solution.

Find yourself getting stuck frequently? You might want to rethink your content topics altogether.

“If you’re trying to write about boring topics, you’ll have trouble getting very far,” says Patel. “You’ll be banging your head against a wall if you try to produce content you’re not passionate about.”

8. Use short sentences and simple words

Your writing doesn’t have to be fancy and flowery. Keep it simple. Big words and complex sentences take more time to write—and they also take more time to read.

Patel notes a study that found reading from a screen is painful for our eyes. “For this reason, people read 25% slower on a computer screen compared to print,” he says. “Writing shorter sentences will help your readers assimilate your ideas and put them to work.”

9. Edit later

“Research has shown that constantly shifting focus can decrease productivity by up to 40%. This is the main reason you don’t want to write a sentence and then think about whether you should edit it,” according to Patel.

Focus on putting new words on the page, and don’t worry about whether they’re perfect. Come back later and edit with fresh eyes.

Topics:

Be Inspired, Productivity
Go Freelance

How to Become a Successful Ghostwriter: A Complete Guide

An experienced ghostwriter shares her tips and what to expect on this obscure career path

Woman ghostwriting at her desk
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By Karen Dikson
@karendikson
Karen Dikson is a creative writer and blogger from New Jersey. She is an intuitive and creative thinker who is able to connect various thoughts into a single theme. In her free time, Karen enjoys reading classical literature and traveling. Connect with her via Twitter.
6 min read • Originally published December 15, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026
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By Karen Dikson
@karendikson
Karen Dikson is a creative writer and blogger from New Jersey. She is an intuitive and creative thinker who is able to connect various thoughts into a single theme. In her free time, Karen enjoys reading classical literature and traveling. Connect with her via Twitter.
6 min read • Originally published December 15, 2016 / Updated March 19, 2026

A ghostwriter is a person who writes things for other people, and then those people put their names on it. You are paid to write things, and nobody will ever know you wrote it because other people will take the credit for it.

It sounds grim having other people put their names to your work, but ghostwriting is one of the few areas in the writing industry where you may make a living wage without qualifications and without being famous beforehand.

I started my career at the EduGeeksClub writing service, where I have had a very varied and successful life as a ghostwriter. Here I’m sharing the tips I wish somebody had shared with me when I started.

Some of them may seem a little bleak, but the theme is that if you can get through the bad stuff and keep improving yourself, you can actually make money and be successful as a ghostwriter.

Follow Opportunity, Not Your Dreams

This is probably the most important point. If you are trying to follow your dreams, then get a full-time job and follow your dream as a sideline. If you want to make money as a ghostwriter, then follow the opportunity.

You may not enter the ghostwriting field to become the most popular unnamed expert on insulation plumbing articles, but those articles may end up paying your bills for years to come.

When 50 Shades of Grey  was published, and again when the movie came out, there was a massive demand for erotic fiction featuring rich men. Demand was so massive that I could name my own price and clients would fall over themselves to accept it, especially after reading the samples I created for them. I never dreamed I would spend my evenings writing erotic fiction, but that’s just what I did.

Be Prepared To Accept A Low Wage

Not to squash the optimistic and bright-eyed reader, but writing is quite a low paid job because there are epic amounts of competition out there.

The only upsides are the fact that your product is around 80% profit, and if you write to order (rather than pre-writing), then all of your stock sells.

Your overheads are also relatively small, and you can put in as many hours as you wish.

For the first few years, I had to accept a lower wage because I was pretty bad at my writing (almost all writers start out that way). Then I was accepting pay rates based on how much time I spent on each project.

The more time and attention I pay, the more I demand. I can write 800 words in an hour, off the top of my head and charge a lower rate if I so decide.

Learn How To Talk Your Way Up Because You Cannot Add Things To Your CV

Were you the person that wrote the Felix kitty chow website and part of its major online campaign? Did you start a craze for first-person funny stories? Were you the person that transcribed 23 TED talks that were then placed verbatim into a certain director’s book that he claims to have written?

Part of you may be proud of what you did, but you cannot write it on your CV because you are a ghostwriter, which means you give up your rights to the work.

If you want to sell your services, you need to know how to talk a good game because you cannot show off your CV.

Either post numerous CVs under different names on the Internet, or post none at all. When a client asked for articles on seducing beautiful women, I said I have been writing about it for years. If another client asked for articles on childcare, I said I have been writing about it for years.

I could post lots of different CVs online and point clients at the most appropriate one, but it is easier to post no CV and talk my way into jobs.

Communicating online gives you time to do a little research and planning before the next message arrives, so use it to make yourself a temporary expert in whatever is being asked of you so that you may reply to each message with an air of competence.

Become a Subject-matter Expert

By all means, you should dabble in as many areas as you see fit. After all, anybody can conduct research on the Internet to write an article just about anything, but to remain profitable, you need to know as much as you can off the top of your head, otherwise you will burn through time doing research.

Take different types of jobs until you settle on an area, and then hit that area hard with hours upon hours of work so that you can make a living wage. Do a little research into the pros and cons of specialization.

Ghostwriting is a business, and your time is your most valuable asset. I once read that it takes about an average of 25 minutes per distraction to return to the original task.

I didn’t believe it until I started timing myself for each project. I now understand that the time I spend on a project is very important. Learn about a subject, so that you waste less time doing research when you write about it.

Every project that requires deep research will require more time, which lowers your profit margin. Taking a diverse range of projects is fine, but try to stick to what you know if you want to make more dough.

You Need To Learn Some Major-league People Skills

As a writer, you probably know how important the hustle is. You need to be just as good at selling yourself and connecting with clients as you are at writing.

With ghostwriting, there’s a lot of interaction with the client. So once you successfully schmooze yourself into the gig, you need to be great with all your other communication skills.

Every point of contact with the client is an effort to maintain your expertise and intellectual credibility. (Read: No typos, ever!)

Cultivate a Massive Amount of Personal Patience

Finally, before concluding, let’s mention patience. Your clients are going to bother you with everything from not understanding their own instructions, to misinterpreting what you wrote.

The virtue of patience is not a requirement for being a ghostwriter, it will just save you a lot of time and aggravation. On the other hand, sometimes you just need to cut some clients loose.

Conclusion

Building relationships with clients is probably the only way to remain consistently profitable as a ghostwriter.

If this is impossible because you only work on single-use projects such as essays or autobiographies, then find an agent or a seller and allow them to do the selling while you do the writing.

Foster those relationships with your clients and help them trust you because trust is your most profitable selling point.

About the Author: Karen Dikson is a creative writer and blogger from New Jersey. She is an intuitive and creative thinker who is able to connect various thoughts into a single theme. In her free time, Karen enjoys reading classical literature and traveling. Connect with her via Twitter.

Topics:

Go Freelance

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